Home Page > Sports and Fitness > Martial Arts > Thang Ta: A journey (Through the history of Kangleipak) from an ancient combat art to a popular modern sport [2nd section]
Thang Ta: A journey (Through the history of Kangleipak) from an ancient combat art to a popular modern sport [2nd section]
from an ancient combat art to a popular modern sport [2nd section]
-3rd Part-
(a) The Interaction – The west & north- west Kingdoms – Tripura, Assam etc.:
As with the Burmese, various kingdoms on the west, north (northwest) also exercised much influence over the Meetei Kingdom, & her tradition (including Martial art). There are many non- Meeteilon terms of various Thang Ta movements & steps (like Kalak, Yalak, Shut etc).
There were records of immigration of Takhels (from Tripura) during the reign of King Meitingu Moiramba (1278-1302), Meitingu Thangbi Lanthaba (1302-1324) & Meitingu Tonaba (1355-1359), who were settled at Takhel village, at the foothills of the Nongmaijing hills (Imphal East district). In 1533, the Meetei King Meitingu Kabomba (1524-1542) defeated the Tripuris, & brought many Tripuri prisoners of war, also by Meitingu Khagemba (1597-1652) who brought about 200? Takhel war captives around 1633-34.The Meetei King Meitingu Pamheiba (1709-1748) invaded Tripura in 1734, & brought about 1100? captives, hence he was also known by the name Takhel Ngamba (Takhel~Tripura; Ngamba~conqueror /victor). These people were gradually absorbed into the Meetei Community, along with their traditions.
The first? encounter between the people of Cachar & Kangleipak probably happened during the reign of Meitingu Kongyamba (1324-1335), when the great King defeated & drove away the attacking Cachar people who have come from the Imphal Tamenglong road (Tongjei Maril), & constructed a fort at Hinglen Ching (a hill, 18kms north of Imphal).Certain interaction has already been discussed above in various sections.
Some scholars believe that the Meetei king Meitingu Khongtekcha (763-773) must have exchanged many captives due to its frequent military confrontation with north Bengal.
(b) The Interaction – The west & north- west Kingdoms – The Muslims:
The major interaction between Meetei & Muslim (Mughals – the Mughal Empire, India, 1526-1857? – & their fighting system) took place in 1606, when Prince Sanongba (one of the younger brothers of King Meitingu Khagemba) rose in rebellion with his army in Cachar, which included many Muslims soldiers from the Bengal province of Mughal Empire (Jahangir was the then Mughal Emperor; the 4th Mugal Emperor of India, 1605-1627),{also from the Muslims who got settled in Cachar during & after the invasion of Cachari Kingdom (reign of king Yasonarayan) by the Nawab of Bengal, Islam Khan}. The great Meitingu Khagemba & his brave army defeated him (the prince) & brought many Muslims prisoners (~>1000) of war, who subsequently were assimilated into the community. Earlier also, many Muslims war captives from Tekhao (Assam) were settled at Mayang Imphal (in Imphal west district) during the reign of King Thingkhonba of Khuman Clan.
The Mughal Prince Shah Shuja (The son of Shah Jahan, the 5th Mughal Emperor of India, 1627-1658) is said to have fled (through Tripura) to Kangleipak {took shelter at Shujalok cave at Heimgang (Kairang), in Imphal East District, where he died ultimately} after he was defeated by Mir Jumla (Mughal Governor of Bengal); & as wanted by his brother Aurangzeb, 1658-1707, the then Mughal Emperor.Also during the reign of Meitingu Paikhomba (1666-1697), two Mughal Princes (or Makak princes- as Mughals were came to be known as Makak-mayum)- Sunarful & Lakhiayrful, accompanied by saint Fulleicha Shantullah Shaikh, & traveller Millia Shaikh, with their slaves & attendants (~37) arrived on elephants in Kangleipak form Mughalpur (Makak). These two Princes became the ancestral founders of Makakmayum {Sunarful-makakmayum Angouba, Lakhiaful-Makakmayum Amuba; according to the type of flowers they brought}.The Mangol Shanglen was converted? into Mughal Shanglen for them by the Meitei King.
[Meetei Muslims are called Pangals, derived from the word ‘Bengal', as they came from Bengal (mainly as war captives). However, some actively argue that the word Pangal was derived from ‘Pang tribes' (or Tai group: said to have come from northern & eastern sides of kingdom of Kangleipak)' who were first to be converted to Islam.
Present day Meetei Pangals are considered by some to be descendants of various groups like- Pang tribes, Pashas (the Panshi in China, Panthay in Burma- the mongoloid Muslims coming from China, & upper Burma- through ancient silk route through Manipur: Manipur-Yunnan, China - it may be noted that many other learned strongly argue the silk route never included Manipur, even Indian mainland was never part of China-Europe silk route); the Bengalis, Mughal soldiers, Low caste Hindu converts etc.
It is said that earlier Muslim preacher like Hamza Ibn ‘Abdul-Muttalib (568?-625), paternal uncle & foster brother of Prophet Muhammad (570?-632), also martially skilled (excellence in wrestling, swordsmanship, archery - he is said to have defeated then King of Bengal & King of Rosang in the south of Chattagram in Bengal, converting them to Islam) came to Kangleipak, as per some Meetei pangal scholars, during the reign of Meitingu Naophangba ?(428-518) & met the Meetei Scholar, Ashangba Laiba, & preached briefly here, living among the Pang tribes {The title ‘Aribam' was conferred by the Meetei King (Meitingu Naophangba) to Muslims of that periods}. He was on his way to China, as per the saying of the Prophet ‘the seek for knowledge even unto china'. During the reign of Meitingu Irengba (984-1074), two Pashas & one Pangal Village were recorded to have flourished in the ancient text, Ningthourel Lambuba.]
(c) The Interaction – The west & north- west Kingdoms – The influence:
We have already seen the influence of Hinduism & Vaishnavism. The first recorded entry of Hindu Brahmins (about 18) into Kangleipak was during the reign of Meitingu Kiyamba (1467-1508), & it was during the reign of Meitingu Pamheiba (1709-1748) that Hindu missionaries started immigrating in large numbers.
The Hindu immigrants, when they saw the Meetei race with their highest martial skills, the extra ordinary valor & courage, the life of honor & justice; starting linking them with one of their greatest hero, Arjuna {the 3rd of the five Pandavas of Mahabharata, all skilled martial artists, belonged to the Hindu warrior caste, Kshatriya- the Kshatriyas were excellent in various ancient Indian martial & combat arts: unarmed arts like Nara, Hsiang ch’a hsiang p’u, the Chinese name of ancient Indian martial art, Vajramushti etc; weapon arts like Shastra Vidya (like Kalaripayat), Dhanurvidya (in which Arjuna was the best) etc.}. Manipur was the place where the Pandava (Arjuna) faced defeat (according to the Aswamedha Parva of Mahabharata).
[After the Mahabharata war, Arjuna went to Manipur with the horse intended for Aswamedha. There he met Manipuri King Babhruvahana {who himself was the son of Arjuna & Chitrangada, the princess of Manipur, the only daughter of the King Chitrabahana, born during his (Arjuna's) exile in Manipur. But in accordance to the matrilineal customs of her people, Arjuna was not allowed to take away her & any of her children, as they were heir to Manipur, as a successor of her father, the King of Manipur.} on the way, & got into quarrel (they didn't know each other), & ultimately in the fight, Arjuna was killed by the Manipuri King Babhruvahana {Arjuna was later restored to life using a gem given by his (Babhruvahana) stepmother, Uloopi, the Naga princess- the name Manipur or the land of gems for the kingdom.}.
But the point to be noted is the Manipur of the Mahabharata is believed by most to be located somewhere in the Indian State of Orissa, (one probability is somewhere in / near Bhadrak district?, near the eastern sea coast, as concluded by the extensive research of many scholars, & not the present Manipur State of India - the name Manipur itself was known to neighbours or outsiders ~ after 2nd half of the 18th century AD for the Kingdom, the Kangleipak (which was the name much before 2000BC?, as proposed by some scholars, around ~15,000 BC?) – christened by the Meitingu Pamheiba ~ in the first half of the 18th century, as influensed by the immigrants Hindus missionaries, so as to relate to the Manipur of Mahabharata.
In spites of this fact, the story is given special importance by Manipuri Bishnupriyas (having sharp Indo-Aryan features, & speak a language similar to Kamrupi) who believe they were descendants of immigrants from Hastinapur & Dwarika after the Mahabharata war, led by Babhruvahana (who had earlier returned to Hastinapur with his father), or from a group of people coming from Mithila (Videha), the eastern frontier of Aryan culture.
Most accepted one is that they were originally war captives brought by Kangleipak kings, who subsequently settled & absorbed into the community {as believed by some to be before 700AD, as in the same year when the Kangleipak Valley was invaded by Chinese (as one can find in the writing of the great Chinese traveler, Hien-Tasng, who had come upto Kamrupa, around 7th century AD, in the court of Kumar Vaskar Varma), they referred them (Bishnupriyas) as Khalachai (In southern Chinese - Children of the wide lake; Kha=lake,La=Wide,Chai=Children) who had settled around the Loktak lake.
However, many learned are of the opinion that they were mostly people from Cachar etc, who were first settled in the Kangleipak as war captives during the 14th century AD, & the name ‘Bishnupriya' was given to them (Bishnupuri / Bishunpuris / Kalisha / Kalacheiya / Kalachaya - originally worshipers of the Hindu Goddess Kali) by the Meitingu Gambhir Singh in the year 1827 AD]
-4th Part-
(a) Wizard of Thang Ta – Paona:
Coming back to the reign of Meitingu Chandrakirti, there existed one of the greatest Meetei heroes & Thang Ta masters of all time. His name was Paona Brajabasi {Brajabasi- a Hindu honorable title for those who had been to Hindu sacred places like Brindaban etc}.His skill of Thang Ta was matchless & was so excellent that he was considered to have magical powers. Many techniques & moves of Thang Ta have been attributed to him {like Atharo Lakri Thangbi (one of the many sword exercise or alphabets for Yannaba Thang- combat applicable fighting system in Thang Ta) etc.}.
As we have seen earlier, there was a shortage of skilled Thang Ta masters (not in the group of the king) in reign of Meitingu Chandrakirti, who had regained the throne in 1850 (around 18 years of his age). He had received some education when he was in Cachar, but no formal training in martial art. There was earlier reluctance from the part of the King to learn the Meetei martial art from the masters in his groups {about 10 in number, including Kangabam Chidananda (the great Thangal General), Paona Brajabasi, Yengkhoiba etc.}, as they were basically his servants {also the age factor, especially in case of Paona who was about a year younger then the King himself}.
Accordingly, the King expressed his desire to learn other martial art styles (outside Kangleipak). There came a foreign martial art expert (believed to be a Punjabi / a Sikh?: exact information about him is lacking – who he was, where he came from, what style of martial art he practised etc) to teach the Meetei King. Obviously there was much resentment among the Meetei Thang Ta experts, & after much objection & request to the king for at least giving a chance to test the martial skills of the foreign martial artist, finally after the king’s consent, a competitive duel was organized in the durbar/court.
Paona was chosen unanimously for this, due to his excellent skill & expertise of Thang Ta. Among the many techniques used by Paona, a special one was ‘Khujeng kakpi’ {cutting/striking the weapon bearing wrist of the opponent(s)}. Just as the Competition began, the foreign master could not understand & counter the lightning fast khujengkakpi of Paona, & his weapon slipped from his hand to the ground. Ultimately, feeling helpless to the showering of thunderous techniques & martial skills of the Paona, he conceded his defeat {in the competition, in place of sword, stick or Cheibi (cane stick covered with leather) was used, much like the present sport sparring of Thang Ta}. Thus Thang Ta once again arose supreme.
[Sikhs have a long tradition of Martial arts. (~ 1200 years ?? according to some). More popularly, the word Gatka is used to refer to all traditional martial arts of Sikhs. Gatka (related terms: Gadka,Khutka,Gadd,Gadaa etc- believed to originate & derived from Sanskrit word ‘Gada' or mace or Indian club) is a stick or club covered with leather, used for teaching & practicing fencing or club fighting.
This martial art has been thoroughly battle-tested, used by the Sikhs (Nihang singhs) to defend against the foreign invaders like Mughals. It was the 6th Sikh guru (Guru Hargobind) who propagated the idea of warrior saint, & popularized the practice of martial arts (for self defense), as demanded by the situation. He was trained by the great Baba Budha Ji, the greatest Sikh martial artist, who had trained the race right from the 1st Guru to the 6th Guru era. (Who was taught the art by the 1st Sikh guru, Guru Nanak himself- who had learnt the art form the God, as per a legend) - also he had learnt the ancient Shastra Vidya art form Rajputs, who taught him in gratitude when he helped them to free their 52 princess, kidnapped by the Mughals. But the greatest Sikh martial artist was the last Guru (10th Guru), Guru Govind singh. He was the one who founded the great Khalsa army (the brotherhood, all specialized in Gatka- he fought & won many battles against the Mughals).
However, the Gatka as we know today, specially the sport part (khel; the other one- rasmi or ritualistic & traditional) was developed gradually around & after 1860's {after the 1857 mutiny, with the relaxation of the earlier banned on Sikh martial arts (after the 2nd Anglo-Sikh War, 1848-1849), & increasing British Indian influence (their sword practice); influence form other foreign styles (1880's) - application of western fencing rules etc.}.From late 19th century, there has been active revival process undergoing, with the realization of its immense value - physical, cultural, spiritual, & as a potent bonding & unification factor.
It is believed that many Sikhs began to settle in Kangleipak valley near the end of 18th century. As per the population estimation of the Kingdom done by the British political agent, Mr. R.Brown (in 1873); & according to E. W. Dun (in 1886; about 105 foreigners including the Sikhs) confirmed the existence of Sikhs, as minority group in the Valley of Kangleipak. But the influence of Sikhism (& their martial style) can be traced much earlier. There are records (Sikh chronicles like Janam Sakhi) of Guru Nanak having visited (~1509-1510) the Kingdom of Manipur, as proposed by some enthusiast scholar, during the reign of Meitingu Koiremba (~1508-1512, son of the great Meitingu Kiyamba) - but this estimation may be of less weight if the Manipur mentioned in the sacred chronicles may turn out to be the Manipur of Mahabharata, which definitely is not the present Manipur state of India), & established a Sikh Sangat here.
Besides a great religious preacher, he was a great martial artist also, the founder of Sikh martial tradition (he is said to have defeated the queen of tantric cult, Shah Noor on the way to Manipur Kingdom; the trantric belts of Northeast India are said to extend form Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan, Assam & other parts of Northeast, & Bengal.).
The story goes like this – that He, the holiness, the 1st Guru , came to Manipur (through Kamrup & Guwahati, Assam,) accompanied by a disciple name Mardana (a Muslim by birth); where they met one Jhanda, a local carpenter, & Indersen, nephew of a local chief, who became his disciples. After a brief preaching, he was said to have returned in the south-western direction (reaching Puri, Orissa, where he met Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, as recorded in the Chaitanya Bhagabat of Iswar dasa).]
(b) Thang Ta : To die honorably than to surrender for a life of disgrace:
It was also the Paona (& every Meetei soldier), who stretched the limits of Thang Ta in the Great Khongjom war (23 April, 1891; the Anglo-Manipuri war), immortalizing the heroism, the valor & highest sense of devotion & patriotism shown by them in the hearts of every Manipuris for eternity. Paona was in his retirement (~58 years old) when he was selected {by Meitingu Kulachandra Dhaja (1890-1891), along with Chongtha Mia, both of whom were appointed to the posts of Major, from earlier Subedar} to resist (with only about 400 Meetei sepoys) the invading British force from Tammu {Burma, from south-east, under the command of Captain Rundall, 2-4th Gurkha Regiment; the other two columns of invading British army: from north- Kohima (Nagaland),under the command of Major General H.Collett; from west- Cachar(/silchar, Assam), under the command of Col.R.H.F.Rennick}- he was selected with a reason.
[Almost everyone knew that, as concerned to physical prowess, it was already a lost battle; so the best feasible forces were sent to protect the Kingdom, as the Meetei preferred to die honorably, rather than surrendering for life of disgrace. Khongjom (~36km from Imphal, on the Indo-Myanmar road) front was the most dangerous; hence was given to Paona]. So gallantly they fought till their last breath, against the much larger & superior British Army &their steam roller attack, with a meager supply of small arms {like jinjals; unfortunately during the battle, there was non-compliance of even three consecutive request for immediate supply of pounders of high caliber to the Commander-in-charge of Manipuri force at Thoubal (under Wangkheirakpa & Yengkoiba Major)- hence it was Thang & Ta against the flying bullets & bombs form British army], earned the respect & admiration of even the British.
[Paona is said to have cut the igniting/detonating threads/wires of the British bombs in the air, hurled at Meetei army, with his mere sword before they exploded. The design of such bombs is very similar to the present day fire crackers or fire-works, with a long igniting thread/wire present for safe detonation].
Paona & almost all the Meetei army {including Khumbong Major, Chinglen Sana, Phunganai Sanglakpa,Yaiskul Lakpa, Mairaba, Loitongba Jamadar, Keisa Jamadar, Heirang khongja, Maipak Sana, Wangkheirakpa, Yengkhoiba, Wangkhei Meiraba & Chongtha Mia (he was wounded in the battle) & many more} scarified their lives, without any hesitancy & second thought, for the motherland.
Every year on 23rd April, Khongjom day is observed in memories of all these martyrs. Their extreme heroism & patriotism carved such a permanent imprint & inspired the Meetei that, they started singing (coming out spontaneously) the glory of Paona & his heroic feats during the battle, as Khongjom Parva [meaning the episode of Khongjom- its musical narration on the beats of a dholok- said to have been started by one Dhobi Leinou (some source: Madhu- who happened to be a gifted singer), who was an eye-witness of the battle, as he was one of the washer men of the Meetei army at Khongjom.].
Even today when one hears the Khongjom parva, with each beat of dholok, a vivid picture of the battle unfolds; the heart becomes heavier, tears roll down, with goose skin all over, & a feeling of content; a deep adoration & salute comes out automatically for them.
With the fall of Paona (and the failure to resist other two columns of British army), Manipur lost her freedom on 27th April 1891. On 13th August 1891, at Mapal Kangjei-bung (polo ground), Thangal General (the great General, since many generations of the Meetei kings) & Jubaraj Tikendrajit (younger brother of the Meitingu Kullachandra) were publicly hanged till death.
[(a) It was the failure to arrest Jubaraj Tikendrajit twice, & the killing (although the Meetei King wanted to keep as prisoners) of British officers (Mr.Grimwood,British Political Agent- spared to death;Mr.Quinton, Chief Commissioners of Assam, Col.Skene, Mr.Cossins, Lieutenant Simpson & Bulger- beheaded by public executioner in front of the Kangla Sha) in the second attempt, made the British govt. to wage open war against Manipur.
(b) Kangla sha (sacred Kangla beast), the national emblem of Meetei Kingdom; two huge brick statues of which stood on either side of the way to Kangla uttra; which were originally erected by the Chinese prisoners of war, brought by Kangleipak king (some scholars believe that they were built during the reign of Meitingu Mungyangpa, 1562-1597), but were again said to have been constructed/repaired by Meitingu Narasingh (1844-1850) due to the destruction & dismantlement of the originals by the invading Burmese. After the Kangla was seized by the British on 27th April 1891, the two statues were blown to pieces.]
-5th Part-
(a) The Initial Ban:
The first & the foremost reform done by the British was the abolition of the Meetei Lallup system- with their nightmarish experience at the Khongjom- the ferocity of the Meetei army & their deadly martial art, Thang Ta. Subsequently, Thang Ta was banned (upto ~ 1930). Anyone found practising or teaching the art was labeled as rebels or insurgent affiliates, & summarily prosecuted. Thang Ta, specially the combat aspect, was confined to the secret home schools of individual teachers, passing the knowledge down from generation to generation behind closed doors. Some of the teachers even started using different name for the art, so as to mislead the British. Thang Ta suffered enormously under their rule (early part- especially before 1930; the British rule in Manipur: 1891-1947) as the colonial administration took draconian measures to stamp out any form of resistance.
(b) The Revival:
The gradual revival of the art started slowly near & after the independence. Under the leadership (the President) of Meitingu Churachand (1891-1941), Nilhil Hindu Manipuri Mahasabha (NHMM) was established in 1934 (originally to regulate the religious activities, but latter exercising major influence in the socio-political domain). Due to the cooperative hard work of many Thang Ta teachers & members of NHMM (like noted people’s leader like Hijum Irabot, 1896-1951, the Vice-President), the ban on Thang Ta was lifted up, as per the 8th resolution of NHMM.
Some of the then eminent Thang Ta teachers were Ojha Rajkumar Sanahal, Ojha Thoudam Chaoba (who was a student of the Great Paona Brajabasi),Ojha Moirangthem Anganghal, Ojha Sagolsem Indramani, Ojha Angom Leiren Singh, Ojha Hijum Ibohal Singh, Ojha Mutum Maipak Singh, Ojha Chanambam Birahari Singh, Ojha Lairenmayum Damu Singh, Ojha P.Tarango Singh, Ojha Toijam Birahari Singh, Ojha Paonam Tonsana Singh (youngest son of Paona Brajabashi), Ojha L.Ibungohal Singh, Ojha P.Manikchand Singh, & many more.
(c) Ojha Rajkumar Sanahal – One of the greatest Thang Ta masters:
Ojha Rajkumar Sanahal was one of the greatest Thang Ta teachers of all time. As a lineage of royal blood, he was born in the year 1901. Being a matriculate of 1924(under the then Calcutta University), he recorded various techniques & aspects of the secret art, as revealed by his great teachers (who were mainly illiterate), for the future generations. His skill of Thang Ta was well known & admired by everyone at that time, specially the bare hand techniques against weapons.
There is an interesting incident in the history, highlighting his mastery of the art. In the early 1930′s, the movement of Indian Independence was intensified & near its peak under Mahatma Gandhiji, & his followers (Ganghiwadis), with their non-violence & satyagrahi andolans etc, The north east India was no exception. It was very common for the non-violent, unarmed Gandhiwadis in their satyagrahi andolans, to be beaten severely & lathi-charged by the British.
In one such common discussion, the leaders from Manipur (H. Irabot, noted people’s leader, Pandit Raj Atombapu Sharma, Manipur raj pandit; Officer Somorendro) happened to mention about the Meetei Thang Ta, & the ability of blocking even swords by bare hands. Subsequently, with increasing request from the Gandhiwadis, a demonstration was decided to be organized in one of the conference of Indian National Congress in Guwahati, Assam; for which Ojha Rajkumar Sanahal was invited to demonstrate the ancient art.
In front of the curious & amazed eyes of Gandhiwadis, with their heart beats shooting sky high, breaking the pin-drop silence, was the secret art revealed by Ojha Sanahal. The fierce, forceful attacks of the sharpen sword (by one martial art master- believed to be a Punjabi/Sikh?- as selected by them, Gandhiwadis) were met with such softness & peacefully, subduing the violence, & deflecting all the directed force towards the attacker himself (the weapon flied off uncontrollably, as a result), that all the heads bowed down automatically & involuntarily, in respect; yet again the ancient Meetei art rose supreme.
On the 4th November of 1934, under Ojha Sanahal, ‘Meetei Huyen Langlon Thang Ta Academy’ {the epicenter & origin of the modern sport Thang Ta movements, hence he is respected & remembered as the ‘Sintakpurel’(1st Grand Master)} was established at Yumnam Huidrom Village, Imphal to preserve & revive the ancient art of Thang Ta, to the level of its past glory.
The expressive/demonstrative aspect of the art was started to be shown in various festivals & public gatherings etc. The academy was registered under the society registration act as ‘Scientific Defense Cultural Society’ in the year 1965-66, with registration no.:808.
(d) The Rise of Thang Ta, & The Masters:
Many other Thang Ta teachers, whose teachings were earlier confined to closed doors & secrecy, started forming open/public institutions/associations, working cooperatively for the development & preservation of the art.
The popularity of Thang Ta began climbing sky high, with the demonstration many choreographed Thang Ta moves – Leiteng Thang {like – two swords/a sword with a shield decorative play, duels/more than two participants – like sword fight (Thang Yannaba), Sword vs spear (Thang Ta Chainaba), Dagger vs axe/spade fight (Thangjou-shingjang/yopak Yannaba) etc, with such high realism- scattering of sparks all around, from clashing of the weapons} or sometimes even without weapons/open handed – before audience as a performing art in mid 1950′s.
Many of the traditional Thang Ta institutes/associations are very much active still today with the same zeal, nurturing the ancient tradition among the youths.
Every Meetei is familiar with the name Pandit Ningthoukhongjam Khelchandra Singh. He is a living legend, a source of constant inspiration; not only is he a living authority on the ancient Meetei literature, art & culture; but also a vast ocean of the Meetei martial art, Thang Ta. As a recipient of double fellowship from the Sahitya Akademi, & from Sangeet Natak Akademi; the prestigious Padmashree award in 1987, many other honors & awards, he has given us many valuable books & records on Meetei Martial arts. Even today many well known Thang Ta teachers still sit besides his feet, & under his guidance, for the exploration of the endless secrets & depth of this ancient Meetei art.
In 1951, Nonpok Naharol Seva Marup (latter recoined as Kanglei Enat Thang Ta Shindam Sanglen) was established under the Chairmanship of the famous Thang Ta teacher, Ojha Leitanthem Heramot Meetei. Having learnt the art under different eminent Thang Ta Ojhas (including Ojha Thoudam Chaoba), he earned various name & fame (Gold medal by Meitingu Bodhchandra (1941-1955),1951; ‘Huyel Saphaba’ title by Akhil Manipuri Kalakar Sammelan,1975;Manipur State Kala Akademi Award,1988; Sangeet Natak Akademi Purushkar,2008 etc.)- his contribution is immense & immeasurable- still passing the knowledge as a living legend as one of the famous living Thang Ta masters. He is credited with the creation of ‘Laphu-kakpa’ (a performing art, demanding highest skill & control- slicing/cutting a trunk of banana tree, kept perpendicular to the ground, into seven pieces with a sword, without disturbing its original position).
Another great living Thang Ta teacher of today is Ojha Gurumayum Gourakishor Sharma (a student of Ojha Sanahal, & many others great masters) from a family having a long tradition of Meetei martial arts. It was under his leadership that ‘The Huyen Lallong Manipur Thang Ta Cultural Association’ [which has been given recognition from Manipur State Kala Akademi, & Sangeet Natak Akademi since 1979; besides the provision of subsidies, & from 1994, a salary grant from the department of culture, Ministry of Human Resources Development] was established in the year 1958., & still very much active in its goal of preserving & promoting the tradition of Meetei martial art. Thang Ta, as a performing art on stages has been presented & popularized on both national & lately international stage. He has been conferred with many awards & honors, in recognition of his contributions & dedication for the art {fellow of Manipur State Kala Akademi, 1978; Sangeet Natak Akademi award, 1983; ‘Kala Ratna’ title by Manipur Sahitya Parishad, 1985; & recently the prestigious Padmashree award, 2009}.
Any discussion on Thang Ta, is incomplete without mentioning about late Ojha Sinam Devabrata Singh. He was one of the most experienced & highly qualified Thang Ta teachers of today (recipient of the prestigious Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, 1992). He is also considered to be the first Thang Ta Ojha to have demonstrated the art at the level of international (at the age ~ 49 years, at the Indian Cultural Center, Cheiri, Italy, 1988; & at ~ 55years at the Festival of India, China, 1994). As a master of many styles of Thang Ta {mainly the ‘Paona’ style (after the great Paona Brajabasi – among many of the famous Thang Ta Ojhas who taught him was Ojha Paonam Tonsana Singh), the Poila (after Ningthoukhongja Poila), & many more, also have a deep knowledge of Mukna}, he founded HULA (from HUyen LAllong) Sindamsang in 1977, & since then dedicated his life for the promotion, popularization & most importantly, the unification & preservation of the priceless knowledge of all the different styles of Thang Ta. His untimely departure for the heavenly abode has created a gap, never can be filled, in the world of Thang Ta & Meetei arts. We pray for the great soul.
There are many other Thang Ta Ojhas also, who have been constantly working for the betterment of the art, dedicated their lives for it, popularizing the way of being a true Meetei warrior, spreading the message of love, peace, unity etc, making us, the younger generation, aware of the importance of our culture, tradition & identity. It’s impossible to mention them all in this little endeavourer of mine. With my head bows down, I salute to them all.
-6th Part-
(a) The Sports aspect:
However, there is another equally important aspect of Thang Ta (the sport aspect), which was left unheeded or not so seriously considered. Though the expressive or the performing form of Thang Ta on stage looks very impressive & attractive, but some modern Thang Ta lovers & practitioners fear that it might eventually just remain as any other exhibitory item or a commodity product. As the time has changed much, with the scientific advancement, & the availability of many futuristic weapons of mass destruction, training in martial arts for warfare is not as useful as in olden days, even the chance of using it in self-defense has much reduced.
What remains to learn is the spirit, the inner knowledge, & essence of the art, which has taken thousands of years, blood & sweat of our fore-fathers, to accumulate. The understanding of which not only fulfills one’s physical (including health & fitness), inner & spiritual necessity, but more importantly fosters the cultural identity & the nationalistic pride. But, the problem is to convey the message effectively to the youths in this fast, busy, highly competitive, result & career oriented, impatient present society. To be sincere, very few have the time, hard work, seriousness, sincerity & dedication- which too with no lucrative career option; becoming a warrior (that too of swords & spears etc., in this nuclear world) is not the intended result – as required in the teaching style of olden days.
As popularized by almost all martial art countries (mostly orient countries & some western countries), the sport aspect of Martial arts is becoming much more preferred. Along with the cultural & spiritual components, if additional benefit of a career in sport is there, no doubt, the concerned art will be much more readily acceptable & spreadable. Here, starts the birth of sport movement in the world of Martial arts.
Using this formula, we all know, how much advancement are made by the Korean, Japanese, Chinese, Thai & many other south east Asian (some western also; which give their martial arts the status of their national sports – WTF Taekwondo, South Korea; Muay Thai, Thailand etc) countries in the development of their martial arts. Their martial arts have been included in our schools, colleges, universities, as a part of NIS teaching curriculum, even research-phd programmes. They are the official sport events in our national games, common wealth games, Asian games & some even in Olympic games
[Taekwondo (it was a demonstration sport in 1988 Olympic, & finally after 12 years, in the year 2000 Olympic, it became an official medal event), Judo (first introduced in the 1964 Tokyo Olympic games, but dropped from 1968 Mexico Olympic; & finally restored for Munich 1972 Olympic games.) etc].
(b) A Thought – Changing the way Thang Ta used to be viewed completely:
Does this mean they are superior to our Thang Ta of Ipu Athoupa Pakhangpa? not at all. They- all of which were once battle field killing arts- have only been moulded & modified as per the need & demand of the time- the sport movement, gaining immense popularity. Not only their culture, language & national identity is propagated, these martial arts are also major source of foreign exchange for their countries; for which higher qualifications or certificates, one definitely has to go there & learn from their masters, or invite them (in spite of the popular belief that martial arts were originally exported from Indian in ancient times). No surprise, if the practitioners of these foreign styles come out to be far exceeding those of our own indigenous styles. So much manpower, time, resources including brains have been deflected due to them (foreign martial arts), the benefit of whose could have been ours (Thang Ta).
Just imagine how it would like to have Thang Ta in the international Olympic arena; with our young players competing & bringing medals & honor in our own art; just like the Meetei lalmee (soldiers), in olden days, using Thang Ta, for protecting the dignity of the motherland.
(c) A Master with a distant vision & a strong vow – Ojha H. Premkumar Singh:
Foreseeing the gravity of the situations much earlier, one Thang Ta teacher, with his modern & revolutionary ideas, much ahead of his time, not only dreamed of Thang Ta as an official Olympic medal event, but also constantly working for its realization. His name is Ojha Huidrom Premkumar Singh. Born in a lower middle class family, to Shrimati H.(ongbi) Shakmacha Devi, & (late) Huidrom Pashot Singh on 30th Sept.1959, he is the direct, first generation disciple of the great Thang Ta master, Ojha Rajkumar Sanahal.
Although sparring in Thang Ta with Cheibi (a cane stick covered with leather, instead of sword) etc- with or without Chungoi, or buckler/shield- has been in practice since olden days, as a means to sharpen the actual battle field skills (Yanna Thang: sword fighting etc), or for just comparing martial skills/techniques
{we have already read the duel competition between the great Paona & a foreign martial artist during the latter reign of Meitingu Chandrakirti (1834-1844, 1850-1886). Also the practice using Cheibi was common during the reign of Meitingu Churachand (1891-1941). Hence, the sport aspect of Thang Ta, in the form of competitions etc, using ‘Cheibi’, was already there since very ancient times, & as an integral component of the curriculum of traditional teaching & practice of Thang Ta.
Only what was needed was to standardize, systematize & popularize it, thereby presenting, as per the need of the present society, to international sport arena, & hence ultimately up to the level of Olympic status. His association is constantly working with this very goal.}.
Also many others associations/institutions have been working in this field (sport aspect of Thang Ta) since very early times. But he was the one who brought this (sport aspect of Thang Ta) to such a level, very popular, well systematized & scientifically sound, in accordance with the need & demand of the time; recognized & approved by the concerned authorities; well appreciated, & hence most wide spread both nationally & internationally. {Hence, regarded as Grandmaster, in the world of sport Thang Ta today}
Ojha Premkumar belongs to a family with martial arts in the blood {specially in Mukna, indigenous Meetei Grappling & wrestling style; besides all his brothers, relatives & students are very much active in this field – younger brother, Shri H. Dinachandra is the present (year 2010) secretary of TTFI (Thang Ta Federation of India), after Shri Th. Priyokumar (the founding Secretary); Shri Ibomcha (the present,2010, Secretary of the Academy), Shri H.Kiran Kumar, the youngest one, & many others- , working very hard – understanding the taste of the younger generations – & much focused to the Olympic goal, that only a few places are left in the country (increasingly also beyond) where they have not given demonstrations & trainings, immensely popularizing the sport}.
He was just in class two when he saw Thang Ta moves for the first time, in a local drama (or ‘Sumang Leela’- in those days, it was common for such dramas to be based on topics related with Meetei Kings & Kingdom- with many Thang Ta moves- swords fight etc, with ‘original’ weapons.) in one of his neighbors; the scattering sparks coming from the clashing of swords & spears ignited the passion of Thang Ta in his heart for eternity.
He used to watch very carefully & tried to imitate what the local drama artists did as they practised in their drama rehearsals (as taught by invited Thang Ta teachers- from Imphal etc- such as Ojha Ningthem etc). Deeply influenced, he started, with few of his friends, a youth drama (Leela) party, under his uncle, a drama enthusiast. But, with the tempest & his curiosity in Thang Ta growing much stronger inside him, he started searching for a right master, & finally ,in the year 1976, under the great Ojha Rajkumar Sanahal, he started serious & formal training of the ancient Meetei art. He gave various demonstrations, displaying his skills of the art, in many functions & festivals.
Even up to now, no one has forgotten (the sound of the sword clashing, the applauding claps still lingers afresh in the ears) the amazing & breath-taking demonstration (Thang-Ta Chainaba: sword vs spear fight) given by him& his group in the ‘Indian Martial art Seminar’ organized by the (late) Karate Sensai (=teacher), Mr. Moses Tilak, at Chennai, in the year 1980, in front of many Gurus of different Indian Martial arts.
So deeply impressed by his mastery of the art, was one of the Kalaripayat guru, Shri Balan Gurukal (from Mepiel Village, Calicut) that he requested the Ojha to teach basics of Thang Ta to his son, Sunil. In 1985, overcoming the distance & language barrier, Sunil came (he stayed for nearly one month) to Manipur, & was taught the basics, after getting the permission from Ojha Sanahal.
Having influenced by this incident, & with the goal to popularize Thang Ta worldwide, Ojha Premkumar decided to open various institutes & teach the basics of Thang Ta outside Manipur. This was one of the earliest major attempt & daring step by a Thang Ta practitioner, especially as Thang Ta was considered a secret & exclusive art of Meetei, & outsiders were not generally given access to it.
Finally in the year 1986, with the permission & blessing of his master, he started teaching & spreading the art in different parts of India, starting first with Assam (Lakhipur), & other northeast states (now in almost all Indian States). Soon he realized, if Thang Ta has to reach far & wide, the sport aspect must be well developed also. The trick used by almost all oriental countries for their martial arts must be used. Besides, sport aspect (amateur), is much easier to teach, less time consuming, & readily acceptable & spreadable; also with it, the culture, language, history & pride of Manipur can still be promoted (the legends & greatness of our fore-fathers & ancestors can be told to every corner of the world).
With this great aim & goal in his mind, The parent academy was re-registered with the original name (Meetei Huyen Langlon Thang Ta Academy) in 1987; & with it, as the apex body, the wave of the movement was propagated in all direction. For the first time, an application was written to Sport Department, govt. of Manipur, for permitting a state level Thang Ta Competition in the year 1987. Much amazed by the proposal, an enquiry asking how ‘Thang Ta’ could be played as sport (the popular performing aspect of Thang Ta comes under the Art & Culture department) was sent back from the department.
(d) 1st Stepping stone of success:
Finally, having satisfied with the arguments & justifications given, for the first time in the history of Manipur, the first State Level sport Thang Ta competition (although many such competitions had been held before by many associations, including his; but were not in recognition by the sport department, Govt. of Manipur.) was organized at Yumnam Huidrom in the year 1988, under the banner of the Academy & the sport department, govt. of Manipur (for which a grant of Rs 3000/- was given by the govt.).
Since then many state levels have been organized successfully (21 up to 2010). With increasing popularity of Thang Ta sport nationally, Thang Ta Federation of India (TTFI) was established as a national apex body in 1993; under which banner, the first National Thang Ta Championship was organized in Manipur in the same year (at Yumnam Huidrom; from 21st to 25th Nov.1993- in which 12 States participated. Since then, up to 2010, 17 National Championships have been organized; with 27 State associations participating in the last one, & one National Federation Cup for National Team selection at Delhi 7-9 Jan. 2011).
Due to the persistence hard work & dedication of the Academy & National body, Thang Ta sport was introduced for the first time, as demonstration game in the 5th National Games, held at Imphal, Manipur on 20th feb.1999 (in which, 10 State Associations participated.).
(e) The Day when the half dream is realized – The day sweat turns nectar:
The latest scientific views; the emphasis on safety aspect, & the high efficiency as a martial art (including self defense, & health promotion), coupled with the hard work of the National federation & Academy, make Thang Ta a very popular sport; such was the popularity that Indian Olympic Association in its Annual General Body Meeting held on 20th Dec. 2006, gave recognition to the Thang Ta Federation of India.
This was really a historic moment, a first step towards the realization of the ultimate goal of international Olympic.(inclusion of Thang Ta sport as one of the official medal games in the International Olympic); a day, each & every Manipuri should feel proud of; an emotional moment too for Ojha Premkumar (& his group)- because of whom, this was possible (this success was a tribute for his master, who had left this world for the heavenly abode in the year 1988, before witnessing the dream come true of 1st State Sport Thang-Ta Championship, as recognized by the Govt. of Manipur.)- who in spite of all the adversities & obstacles (financially- sometimes the situation was so bad, he was even forced to mortgage his only piece of land; socially- sharp criticism from traditionalists; health & family issues etc), continued to fight & stand without retreat selflessly, for the future of the art & us, so that one day, with raised heads & much proudly we can tell the world, Thang Ta sport is a gift of our ancestors.
(f) No turning back – Doubling everything, set out to conquer the world:
Catalyzed by this event, all the efforts for the development & process of popularization were doubled.
Many state governments (Sport & Youth welfare department) began granting recognition (& hence all those benefits- financially & others- like admission to various Govt. courses/job etc under sport category/quota, in J&K etc) to Thang Ta sport (1st-Manipur govt.; 2nd- Jammu & Kashmir govt.; 3rd – Chhattisgarh govt. & so on.). With increasing valuation of the sport Thang Ta medals & certificates, no wonder, Thang Ta sport becomes one of good & much sought after career option, in the world of martial arts, which was unknown few decades ago. There has also started initiation regarding the introduction of NIS level Coaching programmes, & research courses at Universities in Thang Ta martial art & sport.
The fame of Thang Ta sport (like a burning ember piercing the dark covering of even thick cloths) also started spreading outside India. [Already many foreign countries have seen the amazing performances given by many performing artists of Thang Ta in various cultural functions etc .Even some of them have also tasted few preliminary lessons by some of traditional practitioners living outside India etc. This has helped much in the spread of Sport Thang Ta as well].
Starting with Bangladesh (in2003), the sport Thang Ta movement has already spread to many countries – Burma (Myanmar), Nepal, Bhutan, Sri-Lanka, Afghanistan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, China, Canada, Japan, USA etc, the number increasing day by day. The World Thang Ta Council (WTTC)/World Thang Ta Federation (WTTF) was established under the Chairmanship of Ojha Premkumar, as an international apex body, with Meetei Huyen Langlon Thang Ta Academy being the international Headquarter.
As its first maiden step, much work & preparation are being done for the 1st ever International (~world) Thang Ta Championship to be held at Khuman Lampak Indoor Stadium in Imphal, Manipur, from 11 to 14 March 2011, in which about 15 countries – Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Canada, Malaysia, Nigeria, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan & amongst others – are expected to send participants, a first of its kind in the history of Thang Ta & Kangleipak.
With such a fast pace of development of Thang Ta, its immediate acceptability & immense popularity both at home & internationally, if sufficient support from the government (Thang Ta should be declared the national/state sport; & accordingly financial & other needs should be provided sufficiently-for better promotion, preservation & popularization of Thang Ta) is there, it is safe to predict that the day will soon come when the Thang Ta is included as one of the official medal games at International Olympic.
-7th Part-
(a) Think bank – Traditional vs Sport concept:
As, in case of any new major initiative in the history of mankind [the great scientist Galileo was put behind bars because of his theory of the earth revolving around the Sun!],& as with many martial arts, the initial phase of Sport Thang Ta movement didn’t go smoothly & wasn’t welcomed by all. Most traditionalists felt the sacred ancient art form being threatened; the purity might get diluted by this new sport aspect.
The traditional way (as in ancient times) is the learning & teaching the art as a way of life, as a means of self-defense & survival- protecting one’s life at all cost (to incapacitate opponents as quickly as possible), with emphasis on the expressive component (the performing art). The emphasis on competitive sparring is generally missing (if there, mostly choreographed/pre-planned) as, if a technique is designed to be lethal, how it can be practised as such on (a) partner(s). So, to develop martial skills, only two methods remain (besides, what learnt in the actual battle, if survived) – through practice of forms/patterns (pre-planned martial movements), & cooperative/controlled sparring training with (a) partner(s).
On the other hand, the sportive training of martial arts mostly concentrates on non-cooperative/free-sparring practice. The main aim is to win the match any how (& hence, more focusing on the scoring techniques, even if non realistic/non-effective in real life situation: as an example, one can see modern WTF Taekwondoins using 90-98% foot techniques which is more scoring, neglecting the upper half techniques).Also, there are so many restrictions or rules (for safety purpose), & other measures {mats, gloves, chest guards, padding etc- many lethal & dangerous or useless (as mentioned earlier, in competition) techniques are forbidden, & hence neglected}.
Many new innovations or modifications are added subsequently with time, so as to suit the players & officials etc. This fact is the greatest worry for the traditionalists who feel, the very originality of the art might thus one day be even lost.
However, as for sportive training, it greatly improves (may be even better than those- not all- traditionalists who generally have little experience against non-cooperative opponents; & hence often unfamiliar with the feel of being stuck/taken down suddenly/unexpectedly) a fighter’s abilities (even if against a single opponent), by approximating a real fight situation (although in a restricted format), allowing the fighter to test the skills without the fear of getting hurt mortally. For this sport person, the free sparring becomes a laboratory for applying the learnt techniques, & discovering, through trial & error, which suit best, according to the situation, & how to execute them.
For most weapon martial arts, the modern sport forms are like an evolution for surviving the transition into modern times.
So, a combined approach should better be done regarding the training of the martial arts. In sport form, in addition to the sparring competitions (including the unarmed part: Sarie – Sara, with elements of Mukna), much more emphasis should also be given to the competitions of forms/patterns {including the performing components whose demonstrations, our traditionalists have been giving since olden days.}, & a systematic, good grading systems & training curriculum (respecting all the styles of Thang Ta; which not only will produce skilled martial artists & players, but also inculcate in them – our tradition, our culture, our history, our origin, the sacrifices made by our ancestors, & their greatness- as a potent bonding & unification factor-we as a one, for our motherland).
[the forms competition should include: fixed forms -single/dual/group-with/without weapon(s) (as decided by appointed & approved technical committees, taking into consideration all the major styles/forms of Thang Ta); & free/individualized forms {including various choreographed fights etc: created by the player(s) with the help of teachers/coaches etc}-single/dual/group-with/without weapon(s)].
(b) Think bank – Unification & cooperation, need of the hour:
With so many different systems of practice & teaching of Thang Ta, there arises a need (one of the most important thing) for standardization (especially for forms/patterns, teaching curriculum & grading system etc) & unification. There were some initiations in the past, but proved not so successful.
Regarding this, we may learn many things from China – after creation (post 1949) of standardized modern Wushu (from many parent traditional Chinese martial arts), the government is trying everything for its promotion & popularization, & hence for inclusion in the international Olympic.
[As we all know, China has a long tradition of martial arts, with many hundreds of different styles. After the fall of Qing dynasty, 1636-1911 (or Manchurian dynasty, which banned martial arts, from 1644-1911,so as to prevent the Han Chinese from rebelling); & the turmoil of Japanese invasion & the Cultural Revolution of China itself (1969-1976); there was revival of traditional Chinese martial arts- with increasing access to general public.
Martial art was increasingly felt as a means to promote national pride, & for building a strong nation. The central Guoshu Academy {the term ‘Kuoshu/Guoshu', meaning ‘the art of the nation' was encouraged to be used, rather than the term ‘Kungfu/Gongfu'} was established in 1928 to preserve & promote a systematic approach for training in Chinese martial arts. For the 1st time, practitioners of all the different styles sat down, & shared knowledge together.
A group of Chinese martial artists demonstrated their art for the first time at the 11th Olympic Games in Berlin, in the year 1936. After 2nd world war (~1937-1945), martial art training was established at the National Athletics Institute (although the communist government deleted combat training portion, & application- so as to discourage possible unification of martial artists against itself - hence, only forms were given more emphasis even, until late 1980's). ‘Wushu', meaning ‘art of war' was created post 1949 by the People Republic of China in an attempt to nationalize the practice of traditional martial arts.
With the realization of serious negative effect (of only emphasizing on forms, & neglecting the traditional combat aspects), a ‘Martial arts investigation team' was organized by the govt. to search for surviving old traditional masters (many of whom were either killed or had fled during the Chinese cultural revolution; & the reluctance of remaining ones to share their treasure of martial arts knowledge), & recorded their knowledge for preservation.
In 1958, the govt. established the All-China Wushu Association, as an apex body to regulate martial arts training. Common standardized forms (including teaching curriculum, & grading system) were created for most of the major traditional arts by the Chinese state commission for physical culture & sports. Wushu was introduced to both at school & university level.
Another body, ‘the Chinese National Research Institute of Wushu' was established in 1986 for the research & administration of wushu activities. With increasing importance given to traditional teaching of arts {already ‘Sanshou/Sanda' – sparring competition, based on traditional Lei tai or raised platform fighting (appeared first in the Song dynasty, 960-1279 AD) has been included}, & the de-politicizing of organized sports (the closing of state sports commission or the central sports authority, in 1998), the govt. moved the sport policies towards a more market-driven approach.
The establishment of the International Wushu Federation in 1990, was an important landmark; which holds the world Wushu Championships (since 1991, the first one, in Beijing, China). Their seriousness for the Olympic dream is obvious, IOC (International Olympic Committee) even allowed them for ‘2008 Beijing Olympic Games Wushu Tournament' during the 2008 Olympic at Beijing (although wushu was neither one of the 28 official Olympic medal games, nor was a demonstration game, but very soon it may be)].
(c) Think bank – Realizing one’s potential & learning from oneself:
Thang Ta has tremendous potentials as a sport, & if we only concentrate on stage shows, then one day even if we want, we might not get even a place to stand in the sport arena, because of many cheap duplicates & imitations of Thang Ta- with so many name & fame seeking opportunists all around us- just because of our negligence- (already there exists one such so called martial art/sport, even with national & many state associations- a serious threat & a single major hindrance in the realization of our dream).
Just look around, many traditional Indian martial arts (whose working area was once mostly limited to few demonstrations in festivals or religious activities) have already started entering the world of sports (many are also enjoying as popular sport games), leaving the confinement of the four walls of their traditional ‘Akharas’.
The nation has just seen the rise of Bodo martial art, & its grand introduction in the international combat (martial) sport community- how serious are the Bodo people, especially the govt., & leaders for popularizing their art- it feels much pain & discontent looking back to our own situation- our govt. & leaders should learn from them.
The Sikhs have already taken a step ahead. The international Gatka Federation (IGF) was established in 1982, & formalized in the year 1987 (based in Berlin). Another apex international body, the International Gatka Organization (IGO) has been working constantly in this field since the early 1990′s, & on 18th March 2006, a Gatka tournament was held in Oldbury (at Gurudwara Amrit Parchar Dharmik Diwan), England. National & State Gatka associations are trying hard for the game to be recognized by IOA, & by Sports Ministry.
The memory of the first Asian Silambam Championship is still afresh in the minds of all Indian martial artists, which was held successfully at Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, recently (03-06 Dec.2009), with 9 participating countries.
[Silambam (much like the southern style of Kalaripayat of Kerala) is an ancient martial art style originated in the southern part of Indian peninsula (the state of Tamil Nadu). Although a complete martial art {weapon art (staff; knife- kathi; swords- vaal; even deer horn- maduru etc), unarmed art (kuttu varisai- footworks: kaaladi; locks & counter locks: pottu thirappu etc; striking & blocking: kolluvuthal etc), including the pressure/ vital point art- varma kalai, & meditation etc (thapa)},when one refers to sport Silambam, a scene of stick/ staff fighting / fencing come in front of our eyes (as the main weapon used in the art is the staff; the very word ‘Silambam' refers to the bamboo/ wooden staff used)- a very popular & govt. recognized sport in Malaysia today- thanks to the Tamil immigrants there, who have set an example for all of us.
It has a long history (~5000years?), & as per a legend, its genesis is credited (however, some relate the art to the lord Muruga himself) to the great sage, Agasthya (who was taught by the lord Shiva. He is also considered the first practitioner of Kalaripayat by many living gurus of the art. He composed the famous, ‘Agasthyar Kampu Soothram', the ancient text - describing various aspects of the art).
The efficacy of the art was well known & used by the famous kings of south India- the Chola, the Chera, the Pandya etc, & by the king Veerapandiya Kattabomman & his soldiers (1760-1799) against the British. The staff fencing game of the art can be traced as early as 1st -2nd century A.D.(there are references of the sale of Silambam staff, among various other weapons, to foreign traders in the ancient Tamil literature, Silappadikkaram, 2nd century A.D.
Today Silambam sport is becoming very popular as a result of many associations - national (All India Silambam Federation) & International - working persistently for the popularization of the art]
(d) The Conclusion:
Thang Ta has been cradle of our race, the very reason for our existence today. We are very fortunate that our forefathers have given such a priceless gift to us, & it is the duty of all of us to preserve & promote it; & through it, let each & every corner of the world, know the greatness & legends of them, who had protected us & our motherland, using the Thang Ta. Now the time has come for us to repay them & our motherland, even if a little bit, using the same thing- the Thang Ta.
Instead of negatively criticizing & fighting among us, lets unite as one, as sons of the Lord Sannamahi & Ipu Athoupa Pakhangpa , for the common goal, the major battle ahead- the Olympic dream; giving equal emphasis to the sport aspect as well, like the performing art component, as both being opposite sides of the same coin, the two climbing steps towards success – essential & inevitable for the overall progress & development of not only Thang Ta & our culture, but also our motherland, & we, the undivided race, as a one.
The day will soon come when our youths will earn name & fame, in international & Olympic arena, not only for themselves, but more importantly, for the motherland, as players of Thang Ta, the very tradition of our great forefathers.
To common people, Martial arts seem only physical fighting or self defense, but the fact is they are looking only at the tip of the Ice berg – the bigger portion is under the sea!
In the article, various aspects of Martial arts are discussed briefly.
Thang Ta or Huyen Langlon is an ancient martial art of Meetei, the people of Kangleipak, the modern day Manipur, India. It is a lethal battle field oriented art of the ancient kingdom. In the article, the rise of modern sport form from this art is briefly discussed.
Thang Ta or Huyen Langlon is an ancient martial art of Meetei, the people of Kangleipak, present day Manipur, a Northeast state of India. The article tries to trace the route from the ancient lethal, battle field survival form of the art to the present popular sport form, through the pages of history of Kangleipak.
Dumbbell routine – upper body. If necessary, start with light weights – 5 or 10 pounds. Exhale sharply when performing a repetition, and to inhale deeply in-between repetitions (or reps, for short). This routine should be performed 3 times a week, on the same days as heavy weight training with a weight bar.
Body weight conditioning routine #1 – Upper body. This routine may be performed every day that you are working out. On days when you are doing a heavy weight routine with a weight bar, complete this routine first as a warm up for your muscles. One minute rest between rest between each exercise, and each set.
Let us diligently train the external factors. This will help us develop power. This is not just physical power, but strength that may help us walk the path of truth. Let our inner hopes, then, shine through.
Study the martial ways wholeheartedly. To understand the warrior mindset, one must understand warriors who have come before. To be a warrior is not to be hostile, violent, or proud, but to be ready to survive, protect, and lead. Do not mistake the truth for an interpretation of the truth. Let us study “a” way for a while to gain an understanding of “the” way – whose goals include perfection of character and dedication to others.
The ultimate goal is near-constant movement. One must be able to move in any direction with agility. The best defense is a good offense. Press the advantage with an aggressive defense, and a clever offense. Cut your opponent short, and jam their attack by sensing their pattern, their rhythm.
Many martial arts use forms to help teach not only the technique systems, but the qualities and types of power that I put forth in the previous article. Proper rhythms – and broken rhythm – must be understood. This is not simply for fighting, but also for life.
In the pursuit of perfection of character – the ultimate aim of karate-do – one learns a new mode of self-expression. In this way, verbal and body language take on new forms and meanings. As a result, we may better effect positive changes within – and without – ourselves, as well as more honestly and clearly express our inner hopes and desires.
Thang Ta or Huyen Langlon is an ancient martial art of Meetei, the people of Kangleipak, present day Manipur, a Northeast state of India. The article tries to trace the route from the ancient lethal, battle field survival form of the art to the present popular sport form, through the pages of history of Kangleipak.
Every one knows the importance of prevention & early detection. The article discuss briefly some of the easy & useful methods to detect any abnormality in breasts & testis
The article discuss briefly the important topic of sex & some of the hazards associated with it among adolescents & youths, including some of the safety measures.
Exersice physiology & exercise medicine is a very important & fastly developing field. A basic concepts of them should be wel available to every player & athlete. The article discuss only the basics.
Muay thai is the national sport of Thailand, & has a long history since the existence of Thailand itself. The article shortly traces the path from the ancient battle art to its modern day popular sport form.
Jeet Kune Do is the name given by the martial art legend Bruce Lee to the collection of his martial concepts. The article tries to present it in a short form.
To common people, Martial arts seem only physical fighting or self defense, but the fact is they are looking only at the tip of the Ice berg – the bigger portion is under the sea!
In the article, various aspects of Martial arts are discussed briefly.
Chief Instructor & founder,C.G.Thang Ta Association,Raipur,C.G.,India.
Email:dr.barun.hanjabam@gmail.com
Art-Sport Australian NRL and AFL Video Rating: 0 / 5
Bet On Sports With My Sure-Money System and Win 97% Of Your Bets!
Brand new 21-min sales video added for 2011 that’s skyrocketing conversions by over 300%! Affiliates earn 0 per sale! PhD Grad reveals the 97% win-rate sports betting systems used to amass mountains of unthinkable fortunes for just 5 minutes a day! Bet On Sports With My Sure-Money System and Win 97% Of Your Bets!
Do you love cooking? Would you like to have the healthiest, most delicious yet most unique dishes that your family would surely love? Are you a health buff that would like to prepare the best vegetarian dishes? Popular cooking magazines are exactly what you need.
Cooking magazines contain everything you need to prepare the best dishes. They cover recipes and photos of the most authentic cuisines that will fit every taste and preference. Whether you are a vegetarian who would like to try out delicious yet health food, or if you are a chef who would like to try out new authentic cuisines, or just a mother who would like to serve the best dishes for your family, you can find plenty of good dishes through popular cooking magazines. Here are some of the most highly recommended popular cooking magazines today:
Saveur Magazine
Saveur is a photographic gourmet cooking and good magazine that features the most authentic cuisines from all over the world. It is ideal for someone who loves everything that has to do with good. There are food recipes that almost always inspire your palette. There are also drink recipes which will surely surprise you. Saveur also includes a section that features rules, guides and tips on how to make your cooking better and to ensure that your original meals come out as delicious as the good in the front feature page.
Vegetarian Times Magazine. As is suggested by its name, Vegetarian Times is a cooking magazine which exclusively features vegetarian cuisine. With the recipes in this magazine, you are sure to forget about steaks and appreciate how squash and broccoli actually tastes better. If you are a wannabe vegetarian or already into a vegetarian diet, there is something that this offer can give you. It also features the various benefits of eating solely vegetables and fruits, along with protein sources such as beans or soy.
Cookbook Digest Magazine. This magazine mainly contains the most important excerpts from cookbooks and covers photos, text and recipe, aside from seasonal folds.
Everyday with Rachael Ray. If you are familiar with Rachael Ray’s TV show, you will know what this magazine is all about. In each issue, you can expect to find 30-minute meals for small parties and gatherings for special occasions.
Everyday Food Magazine
This is a new cooking magazine brought to us by Martha Stewart Lining contains more than 50 new, unique and delicious recipes. It shows readers that it is possible to enjoy a tasty and healthy meal quick and easy – all done within 30 minutes time!
There are a wide range of Cheap Popular Cooking Magazines available today. You can get as much as 90% off if you sign up for a subscription through online magazine sites like Magazineland.com
Questions and Answers
Ask our experts your Cooking Tips related questions here…
Eric bakes a Screwball Cake, sometimes called Wacky Cake, or Crazy Cake. Whatever Alton Brown or Christopher Kimball from Cook’s Magazine calls it, grab your apron and a spatula (or fork) and watch Eric try his hand at baking his childhood memory. Distributed by Tubemogul. (06:44)
Healthy cooking has become a casualty to our fast-paced modern lifestyle. When time seems a luxury, we are looking for easier options, like home-delivered burgers, pizzas, and other fast food from take-away eateries. Even the home cooking is now getting increasingly confined to scrambled eggs. Reason? The lack of time and awareness about healthy diet. The effect of this ignorance is rise in diseases, like diabetes, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, organ dysfunction, etc.
A few dollars invested in subscribing to family magazines have their worth in gold! Indeed, nothing compares to a happy family when it comes to leading a contented life. The satisfaction of a healthy family life goes a long way in making you a complete man or woman. However, it is not as if you have a right to a happy family life. Rather, it’s a process that requires investment in terms of time, money, and emotions. It is something that can only be learned by observation and reading.
Want to know what fashion trends dominate next season? You don’t have to worry about searching around for your fashion and beauty tips. They are all available with your very own Bazaar magazine subscription. The magazine includes new trends on fashion around the world. You can learn what’s hot right now and what fashion faux pas to avoid.
Do people like your cooking? Do the dinners you serve make guests say “How lovely!” or “Mean spread, dude!”? Have you worked your way through a recipe book or two? Do people tell you that you ought to be “a chef or something”? Or do you just feel like you could really get into food and hospitality? If the answers to any of these questions are “no,” maybe you should read this short “BRIEF HISTORY OF COOKING” :)
You don’t need loads of fancy kitchen gadgets to make great meals, but you do need to get yourself a decent set kitchen essentials. Investing in a few key items such as knives and buying other low cost kitchen essentials will certainly help you out. Here’s my top 4 ‘kitchen must haves’.
Indian dishes are becoming popular all over the world because of its herbs and spices. The most remarkable ingredients used in Indian food are spices. The best example of spices is Indian curry. By surfing the net you can easily find the best Indian restaurants in your town.
You have great flexibility when it comes to choosing a hotel of your choice in Delhi. Since the range of Delhi hotels in very wide, you can opt to stay in hotels that suffice your needs.
Indeshaw Adenaw said pesticides are used to prevent pests on fruit and vegetable crops. Unfortunately Indeshaw Adenaw added, the content of these pesticides can be harmful to human body in the long term.
Despite the size of the box-type solar ovens, 19x19x11″ (21 pounds), two of them were back-packed (by one climber) to the base camp at Mt. Everest, 17,600 feet and they were able to cook in sub-zero temperatures. With this fact and the results of the tests of the top four solar oven brands, my choices have narrowed to the “box-type” solar oven.
Just because you have a single cup coffee maker doesn’t mean you have to give up on grinding your own beans! Keurig single cup brewers – and others – offer reusable filter baskets so you can grind your own beans and experiment with new flavors!
If you work in the computer industry, popular PC magazines will contain information that will surely come in handy sooner or later. Take a look at popular PC magazines for reviews, troubleshooting common problems, news and information on computer software through PC mags.
There are literally hundreds of magazines today made especially for women. They vary depending on the aspect of a woman’s life they cover. There are womens magazines devoted for fashion, beauty, family, balancing home and work, parenting, marriage, and many others.
Most women today live in fashion. Hard as it is to admit most of the time, women want to be the center of attention. There is that natural desire in every woman to look good, feel good and live well. Popular fashion magazines are the ultimate source of the most modern fashion trends. They are a woman’s best friend in terms of looking hip, stylish and trendy.
Pregnant for the first time and don’t know what to expect? Expecting your second and want to do it better this time? Want to have a smooth pregnancy and safe delivery? Popular pregnancy magazines are here to help you.
Magazines now have gone beyond the traditional. Not only are they aimed at women audience but more and more magazines have been designed for the men audience. Top men’s magazines are all over today, and come in all forms for different audience.
Looking for popular teens magazines? Today, teen magazines have become more popular than ever. Millions of teen Americans are avid readers of these teen magazines because of the entertainment they provide.
In today’s highly competitive business industry, subscribing to popular business and finance magazines are more important than ever before. These trade magazines can help you become updated with the current trends in your business niche. Whether you want new insights into your particular market or the current trends today in management, business and finance mags can surely help you.
Are you into weight training and body building? Would you like to know the latest developments in gym equipment? Want to know which supplements to take to make your muscles grow more? If you want all these information and more, Muscle and Fitness Magazine is exactly what you need.
There are a wide range of Cheap Popular Cooking Magazines available today. You can get as much as 90% off if you sign up for a subscription through online magazine sites like Magazineland.com
Over the years, our test cooks and editors have developed a fondness for particular recipes – recipes that are more than worth the expense and effort of making them. They are also unique: We use grated apples to thicken a blueberry pie; we use vodka instead of water in a pie crust for an easy-to-roll-out dough that bakes up light and flaky; we place a cheap cut of beef in a low oven to increase tenderness and flavor; and we cook a chicken in a pot with almost no liquid to intensify its taste. W
Cooking games became the most popular online games nowadays. Definitely, you will see most girls are playing cooking games rather than boys. Girls loved playing it because there, you will have to entertain guest and hand them their seats, take their order and cook it well done. You will have to clean the table and clean the dishes. Then so on, you will earn points which you can use to increase your level. Every game is having hand clock that will show your time left to cook the dishes, time your customer ate it, and time to hand a seat on the customers.
You will notice not only kids and teens are getting addicted to sit in front of the computer, log in to their favorite site and play the populous cooking games they have, but also adults. People are enjoying cooking dishes with just clicking and dragging to put salt, pepper, butter, beat eggs, fry, boil, and so on. Then after cooking, placing the food onto the plate and deliver it to the customers. But are you still wondering what makes cooking games eternally popular?
1. It can take away stress. Nowadays, mothers are also working. Of course, their children can take away their stress away but also some other things can make them feel better and relieved. Cooking games can make everyone’s mind full of alert, can relax everyone’s mind with its colorful graphic designs and funny background music. Mothers always love to cook, experiment, mix and combine ingredients. It can somehow ease minds in choosing the ingredients, cooking, baking and serving.
2. Competition. You will have to earn points to increase your level. Since it is an online gaming, you are having a competition with other players. You will have to be competitive so that you will earn and gain points that will make your competitors loose. 3. Educational Value. Fortunately, it can help those people afraid to try to cook dishes right in front of the stove and oven because of the heat. It can help you to learn the procedure on how to cook the specialty of the game, ingredients and how to serve it right. It can help most especially in baking simple pastries, breads and cakes.
4. Pastime games. It can worth your time like when you are waiting for someone, you are drinking coffee on your garden, you are waiting for your next subject or you just want to refresh your mind from a whole day of work. You will have the fun to see your character on cooking games wearing cooking apron, taking orders from the customers, cooking and then serving.
Even if it helps you to have great ideas in cooking, you still have to guide your children. You’ll never know maybe one day they will just copy the acts on the game which is not good if they are not in right age to try to cook, to bake and to wash dishes. Cooking games is really a hundred percent of joy and fun.
Eligio Jansen Jr. is a part-time blogger and full-time net entrepreneur. Play over 1000+ free cooking games for girls including bratz, dress up games, barbie games, winx, roiworld, dora the explorer for free, visit: http://www.dailydressup247.com
Questions and Answers
Ask our experts your Communication related questions here…
Mama’s back on your DS, this time out however, you’ll be off to gather fresh ingredients from the market before you start cooking in Cooking Mama 3: Shop & Chop. (00:54)
It’s time to cook with your families and friends. Try out 300 awesome recipes that will satisfy your taste buds with Nintendo’s America’s Test Kitchen shown at the Nintendo Media Summit 2010. (01:21)
Start salivating now. A flaming new Fast Food Panic video from Southpeak has just arrived, and it’s packed to the brim with mouth-watering cooking mayhem. (01:10)
In the case that your girl’s birthday is coming up and you do not know what to get her, you and your spouse can consider a Barbie or Bratz doll. You can get a Bratz or Barbie and numerous clothes for her to dress her up with; I know that, like every girl, she will have a lot of fun with her new doll.
Many years ago, when I was a kid, I loved to have fun for days dressing Barbie dolls. There were a multiple dolls in the toy stores with many outfits. We had no personal computer or web, and fashion games were less interesting than they are today. I remember that there were different combinations a kid could put on the Barbie doll when choosing dress and style.
You have surely heard about the virtual doll games. Bratz plastic dolls are the latest trend right now, and every kid loves their great look. Each kid has heard about the Bratz dolls, and most of little girls are amazed with them from the end of the 20th century.
Having fun with dress up and fashion games is one of the most appreciated activity for those that are fond of fashion. This type of net game may now be played online wherever it really is achievable to look for even your most liked celebrities and other cartoon characters that childrens really appreciate. The gamers can use clothes also as accessories including headbands.
Girls can find different levels in games for children. Gamers can start through the fundamental and easy degree to obtain some idea of cooking. Later on they may play large levels to check distinct recipes to cook different dishes. In this way users can figure out items about the globe from youthful age. They’ll haven’t any challenges of adapting things later in existence.
Some of people our there still don’t know what dress up gaming is all about. This article will give you some important details that you should know about this kind of web based game. Dress up game is not an ordinary game some of you may think, it was also an educational one.
Dads and moms are normally worried about the safety of their little children online. Young children are flocking to decorate up game for children internet sites and this, of course, can make mothers wonder how these sites and games stack up against the recognized hazards of gaming and networking internet sites. Are cooking and dress up games secure?
In many techniques, globe is getting one. Then, we saw some thing of a design called computer along with a device called Internet. Each joined hands and fulfilled all individuals promises that had been before promised by everyone and nobody. Both are residing a peaceful lifestyle now. They offered us with an ideal platform. They did what they were asked to. And now everything that would abide by will be taken as an advantage and additional than what was expected of.
Human papilloma virus or HPV is the cause of warts growing on the human body, and the same is true for warts growing close or on the genitals. There is a definite difference however, because these warts are not harmless and would not disappear if left untreated, and they are very contagious. Genital warts are passed on from one person to another through close sexual contact. Wartrol is a herbal remedy developed to treat the symptoms of this disease effectively.
Finding persons over the net has become that simple. All you need is Google search or use any search engines, next type the person name you are trying to find. Many people might have carried this out for different reasons.
As dependence on Internet increases day by day, it becomes crucial to have access to better and faster broadband services. BT and its Internet services are under going major changes and upgrades which will soon provide customers to enjoy faster broadband services.
BT is one of the leading providers of telecommunications in the UK, and their broadband packages are no exception. With great deals and a high speed connection, customers can expect to get the most out of their money with BT broadband packages.
Mobile phone service providers have come up with many profitable services for the mobile phone subscribers. Mobile phone upgrades deals are one of those.
iPhone 4 is the power packed device which is recently launched by Apple. This fantastic smart phone is available on cheap deals from various online shopping portals.
Become a professional chef and build your own restaurant with these exciting online cooking games. Do you have a fantasy of becoming the next celebrity chef? Or, do you want to build your own restaurant? Online cooking games are the latest fad in flash games entertainment suitable for girls of all ages.
Dressing up is probably the most popular pastime of young kids. As popular as this game is with girls, dress-up games are also popular with boys. We all love to look like our favorite movie star, movie character, TV personality, rockstar, fashion icons, fashion models, and even anime/cartoon characters.
Let your imagination run wild with online dress-up games. One of the most favorite pastime activities of young kids is dressing up. Children love to imitate teens and celebrities when it comes to fashion. Girls always play dress up with their paper dolls and Barbie/ Bratz dolls.
Dressing up games is one of the all-time favorite pastimes of young girls and boys. We all have mimicked our favorite cartoon character, pop stars, rock stars, movie icons, sports player, TV personalities, fashion models, and celebrities.
Eligio Jansen Jr. is a part-time blogger and full-time net entrepreneur. Play over 1000+ free cooking games for girls including bratz, dress up games, barbie games, winx, roiworld, dora the explorer for free, visit: http://www.dailydressup247.com
This book will give you 101 valuable tips that have been passed on from great chefs to great chefs for years. Learn cooking basics that are simple to use easy to please your family or guests. Sometimes just adding one little ingredient “here and there” will make an otherwise boring dish, a delight that everyone in the family will enjoy.
These tips are only a paragraph each, but contain lots of information without any fluff.
If you are looking to
List Price: $ 3.99
Price:
COOKING MAMA WORLD KITCHEN WII GAMES
US $14.99 End Date: Monday May-28-2012 12:03:11 PDT Buy It Now for only: US $14.99 Buy it now | Add to watch list
NineGaps is becoming increasingly popular. The game has had excellent reviews from the press and end users since it was launched a month and a half ago, achieving a user ranking of 5 out of 5 and steadily climbing into the top positions of the App Store charts. The Best Number Puzzle Games now in the App Store.
A confirmation of the great feedback NineGaps has generated is its being featured as New and Noteworthy in the App Store Home as of today. Meanwhile, WordWeaver â an addictive word puzzle our creative factory developed in collaboration with Digiteye and Mini Monster Media â features in App Store’s What’s Hot section and is topping charts in the Word Games category.
Finally, our development team is fine tuning Quadion’s next puzzle game, which has nothing to do with words or numbers, but with logic and shapes. It will certainly be a fresh and original approach, different from any other puzzle being offered in the App Store now.
NineGaps is a highly addictive tricky puzzle game for the iPhone and iPod touch. The goal of the game is really simple. You have to use your wits to place numbers from 1 to 9 in the missing gaps, while matching the operations presented in the puzzle. It’s just like sudoku, but different.
Fans of Sudoku, Ken-Ken, Blocked, Chess, and other mind and logic puzzles will feel right at home. Test your puzzle cracking skills with NineGaps today! Look out for more new games from Quadion Coming Soon.
Features:
Simple and unique puzzle-based gameplay
3 difficulty levels
Unlimited brain burning puzzles
Highly addictive and fun
D3Publisher’s popular gem matching puzzle/role playing game returns in Puzzle Quest 2 with new weapons, spells and shields designed to expand and enrich the unique gameplay fans of the series have grown to love. (01:10)
Aneurysm is a fun hand-eye coordination puzzlegame for the iPhone and iPod touch.
It’s been scientifically proven that the human brain can only track eight moving objects at once.
Let’s just put that to the test shall we with the game Aneurysm. Aneurysm is a fun addictive puzzle game, that continuously challenges the mind. Just place your finger on the blue orb. Move the blue orb around as to avoid getting hit by the other changing orbs that are bouncing around. (01:30)
Bejeweled 2, the classic cell phone puzzle game, has made it’s way to the iPhone. Loading the app up provides you with three game modes: Classic, Action, and Endless. Behind each puzzle there is a high quality image of a surreal landscape. These images are really good looking and add a lot to the game visually. Review of Bejeweled 2 by AppVee.com – the definitive source of iPhone app reviews. (01:17)
Christmas is at hand. No matter if we adore paying big attention to this holiday or not, is absolutely unavoidably to push aside all the following things to this holiday.
Christmas is coming. No matter if we like to pay big attention to this holiday or not, is totally inescapably to ignore all the attendant things to this holiday. All around there are shop â windows, decorated with Christmas trees and Santas, fairy lights on the streets, on houses and buildings, in the markets or in the companies⦠Everything looks like a fairy tale, and it could make children happy, as well as the adults. If you are a type that wants to tend the Christmas spirit all the time,
Hi Every one, In this article I am going to write about AJ Square Inc’s HSA game studio. It is a part of AJ Square Incorporation, commenced with the purpose of developing top quality online casual games. A consequence of this commitment was the development of âHSA Game Studioâ project. Aim to present a game portal for the growing community of online gamers.
previously-released game developed by Phelios for the Mac. In iSnap, you drag a metallic ball, aim it and release it onto a board of differently-colored gems, which are cleared when the ball lands.
Words Puzzle 1000 produced by VisibleStorm is a video game app for iPhone and iPod Touch. This game turns iPhone or iPod into a word puzzle to go. It is a game unlike any other and will be available on iTunes in a few days.
Here I share my own selection for the best games in all categories for your Apple iPhone and iPod Touch that are now available on iTunes, hence you can enjoy several glorious gaming at anytime, anywhere.
When it comes to cloud computing as well as the idea that Googleâs new Chrome Operating System might be a dependable portal for that movement, folks either like the thought or hate it.
Linux has indeed enjoyed a huge chunk of spotlight as a full fledge open source operating system that has been pretty versatile. The platform has a huge stream of exciting features that provide users with enhanced capabilities.
Ofcource the default notepad is a very lite and best tool but lack of general properties like colors, tab. There are very good alternatives for notepad like notepad++ notetab etc which can have lot of features like tab functionality and source editor and supports colors for html,, xml languages. Some of them are completly freeware
Have you ever think of a situation that Windows errors bring a lot of troubles to you, like data lost, system crash? We could confront Windows errors from time to time, so it is urgent for us to learn how to fix Windows errors yourself. This article gives an example of a typical Windows error, and indicates a good way to solve it.
Windows 7 giving you more problems than you see fit? Constantly getting error messages like “Microsoft Word has stopped working. Ignore problem or report problem to Microsoft?”
Right, like reporting the problem to Microsoft is going to fix your computer. Getting errors like this on a constant basis is never a good thing. After all, consistency and reliability are a crucial aspect to just about anything.
It may be observed that old, even fresh new computers slows down day by day. A freezing and lagging computer makes troubles while gaming or doing some work. This article discusses about the causes and solutions for this problem.
would you expect it to? Instead, if you think of the internal speaker as a handy feature for games, and for previews of music and podcasts, you can appreciate the purpose and benefit of it.
For these types of application, starting with the adoption of the Motorola 68020 on Eurofighter, the industry is making extensive use of commercially developed microprocessor or microcontroller products.
a very high speed. And the EDGE feature also allows one to transfer his data three times faster than GPRS. Most of them work with Quad-band technology of GSM 800, 900 1800 & 1900.
colors, shapes and sizes. The price for a pair of waterproof car speakers varies between and 0 and a few of the renowned brands that make them are Sony, Boss and Kenwood.
Computer systems all use memory, storage devices, and power supplies, but among the many differences motherboards have is the type and quantity of connections for these components.
older children and teens. This tiny player, which is only about as big as my credit card, is also great for grownups and includes some very useful options, such as a memo feature.
On the other hand, the new iPod video has better volume with no static or clipping when turned up to the maximum volume. You may also connect you iPod to the home or car stereo without worrying about the quality of the sound.
Celeron chips have a smaller L2 cache 9128kb compared with 512kb in the Pentium 4 Northwood, which translates into slower processing speeds. In fact, current Celerons have a clock speed limit of about
The Math Board Games Book – Printable Math Games
Printable Math Board Games to make math practice fun. Math games for School or Homeschool education. A great math resource for Teachers and Parents. Perfect for students to use at school or at at home to practice basic math skills. The Math Board Games Book – Printable Math Games
DownloadResaleRights was founded early 2008 we have actually been in the online world of business since 2007, and we are very well aware of trends, changes and the hottest products available for resellers today. Available on the website you will find a Resale Rights Guide, PLR Downloads /Private Label Rights, and an Audio and Video Download area.
Are you wondering what the most popular free ebook downloads are so you can cater to the majority of people on the internet? Well, you may not realize this, but there are many free e-books that are on the list of the most popular along with a few that costs a few dollars. According to the person giving you the list, you will have a very different list of popular ebook downloads.
The reason this is so true is that there are many different e-books in all kinds of categories. You can find e-books on self improvement, romance, classic, marketing, financial, poetry, pets, dogs, wildlife, golf, crocheting, food, cooking, recipes, cancer, medical, fitness, health, articles, how to, credit, history, short stories, horrors, and so on and so forth. It is like going to library and asking the librarian what the most popular books are that are being checked out. There are so many different subjects, that you may never be able to find an answer to this question.
Of course, if you are looking at a specific niche so to speak, you will be able to find the “hot” e-books in that group, but overall you will find literally thousands of popular e-books. There are so many different popular ebooks because not everyone in the world is interested in the same subject. You have dog lovers, cat lovers, hunters, stay at home moms, entrepreneurs, internet marketers, website owners, graphic designers, and more.
The best way to offer your customers unique ebooks is to offer e-books that work well with your product or service. If you are selling web design, provide e-books that help them understand the reasons that web design is so important. If you are selling children’s clothing, provide e-books of children’s stories. Get the idea? You have to offer something that corresponds to your website. Your visitors are there because they are looking for your product or service, give them more information or products that work well with your product and you will have them coming back time and time again. Once they become returning visitors they will be spending more time on your website and this gives you the opportunity to make more money.
However, you can always offer more than just e-books that blend well with your website. Examples of this include, the web designer could offer ebooks on internet marketing. If the visitors need a website designed, they will also need to know about marketing. As for the visitors to a children’s clothing website, the majority of the time, these visitors will be moms. You can offer cooking or quick recipes for the busy mom.
Catering to the needs of your visitors is the best way to learn what the most popular e-books are for your niche. Instead of listening to everyone else, you can decide by learning what ebooks are being purchased or downloaded from your website.
DownloadResaleRights was founded early 2008 we have actually been in the online world of business since 2007, and we are very well aware of trends, changes and the hottest products available for resellers today. Available on the website you will find a Resale Rights Guide, PLR Downloads /Private Label Rights, and an Audio and Video Download area.
A step-by-step guide to installing Mozilla Firefox.
We walk you through downloading and installing the latest version of Mozilla’s increasingly popular Firefox browser. (01:13)
Media Converter SA Edition is a free file converter which supports many file types. It has also an integrated video downloader to download videos from popular video-sharing sites such as Youtube and many others. Distributed by Tubemogul. (01:17)
Back in the day, having more than one web site open at a time meant having more than one web browser window open. Firefox popularized “tabbed browsing,” having more than one website open in a single web browser session. Since Firefox came on the scene, both Internet Explorer and Safari have added this feature. It’s now standard equipment in a web browser. (01:43)
The advantages of having private label rights products in your possession are tremendous. Private label rights give you more credibility and value than you can imagine, just as if you were the original author or creator of the article, e-book, or product.
If you do any type of surfing on the net or have a business online, you have had to have heard about private label rights. Everyone and their brother are hopping online to get their hands on these products.
With private label rights content, it has become simpler and quicker to sell products online. This way, you don’t have to stump your brain trying to figure out what to write. Using private label rights content can lessen the strain of that.
By now, you more than likely know what PLR products are, but just in case you are new to the scene, PLR products are private label rights products. These items give you the licenses or rights to do whatever you desire with the products.
After you read this short article you will have learned what resale rights are and how you can use them to make money. Resale rights are simply permission from the owner of a book, software, video, audio or any other product.
PLR articles are articles that you purchase from the original writer with the rights or license to edit them, add or delete any portion, add affiliate links, or even compile them into e-books and of course you have the rights to add your name as the author.
Every business can benefit from more web traffic especially if it is targeted web traffic. SEO techniques give great results and will grow your online sales hugely by getting top Google placement. Find out how here:
Search engine optimization is the process of making your internet site rank as highly as you can on the search sites. When people type in certain keywords to their search engine you will want to be sure that your website is related to these express keywords and that it ranks as highly as practicable.
Spain is a very beautiful country and it had one of the biggest real estate booms ever seen. I get asked about it all the time by investors who like the idea of purchasing a great value property there.
The legitimate opportunities to make money from home really do exist, but they’re not going to just fall into your lap, and they’re not going to be easy. Nothing in life that’s worth doing is completely effortless. The good news is that it is very doable to make good money working from home. This article is going to tell you how to make money from home with no scams.
Learn how when you truly believe in something you make it your success as Shaklee did with Shaklee products. A positive attitude and the will to make a difference will help your journey to success. Find out todays strategies to the future of success.
Membership sites have been exploding through-out the internet in the year 2008 and Steven Lam has discovered a hot tips on how to go about it.
You are a click away to read an article that will give you some insight on how to create
that very first membership site with master resell rights
Everywhere you look on the internet you are bound to hear about PLR products. However, most individuals do not grasp the whole concept and how to make money with products. You will no longer have to wonder what the buzz is once you know the reasons so many are turning toward PLR products and are ready to put forth just a tad of effort.
If cooking is your passion or you have a niche website with cooking products you will love the website DownloadResaleRights. They have an entire category devoted just to recipe and cooking products. You will be able to find new and old recipes to try on the family or to use for content on your own website.
Today, you may hear the term private label rights and even know that many internet marketers are using these private label rights to make huge incomes, but you are still wondering what these products are and how they can benefit you.
Private label rights on any product such as software, scripts, or even articles are products in which the person that receives the items free or through purchase receives certain rights. The rights that are received with private label rights products include changi
Looking for a great way to bring traffic to your website or to offer your customers even more products? The answer is e-books. Did you know there are so many different types of e-book downloads available that you are sure to find whatever you need in your own niche to provide more quality products to your website.
Today, the internet is booming with the new craze PLR downloads. PLR products are those that offer the recipient loads of products that even a newbie will be able to prosper while using.
By now, you more than likely know what PLR products are, but just in case you are new to the scene, PLR products are private label rights products. These items give you the licenses or rights to do whatever you desire with the products.
There are several ways in which you can make huge profits from free ebook downloads. The best way is to learn about the various rights that can accompany the ebooks such as PLR rights, personal use rights, resell rights, and giveaway rights.
DownloadResaleRights was founded early 2008 we have actually been in the online world of business since 2007, and we are very well aware of trends, changes and the hottest products available for resellers today. Available on the website you will find a Resale Rights Guide, PLR Downloads /Private Label Rights, and an Audio and Video Download area.
The Book of est
Werner Erhards est training was unlike anything experienced before. Luke Rhineharts written account of this controversial self-help movement has been one of the most influential books of todays most prominent self-help & personal development teachers. The Book of est
Notes: BRAND NEW FROM PUBLISHER! BUY WITH CONFIDENCE, Over one million books sold! 98% Positive feedback. Compare our books, prices and service to the competition. 100% Satisfaction Guaranteed
The 82 titles include: Amazed * Beautiful Stranger * Because You Loved Me * Bye Bye Bye * Can’t Fight the Moonlight * Dancing Queen * Foolish Games * Hotel California * How Do I Live * I Do (Cherish You) * I Swear * I Want It That Way * More Than a Feeling * Music of My Heart * Right Here Waiting * Sometimes * We Are the World * Wedding Song (There Is Love) and many, many more.
Recent Comments