by El Bibliomata

Mobile Cell Phone History – Communication Technology

Children today consider wireless phones as necessary and usual in daily life. They don’t know a time without them being prevalent. But that was not the case in 1973 when Martin Cooper made his first cellular phone call from a New York City street and New Yorkers stared gaping at him. But the history of cell phone starts further back in time.

The history of cell phones or wireless communications must start with Samuel Morse. He introduced the concept of wireless by conduction when he transmitted a telegraph signal through water. His telegraph was the first device to transmit messages by electricity.

Then in 1843 a man by the name of Michael Faraday studied to see if space could conduct electricity. In 1865 a dentist, Dr. Mahlon Loomis was the first person to communicate through wireless via the atmosphere. He came up with the idea of transmitting and receiving messages using the atmosphere as a conductor and sending up kites covered with copper screens that were linked to the ground with copper wires. Loomis was awarded a ,000 research grant by congress.

But let us move forward to the twentieth century and the invention of the cell or wireless phone as we know it today. This brings us to a man often referred to as the father of the cell phone, Martin Cooper. He was employed by Motorola and worked on developing the first hand held radios made for the Chicago police department in 1967. He then went on to lead Motorola’s cellular research.

AT&T’s, Bell Laboratories introduced the idea of cellular communication in 1947. Through the 60′ and 70′s Motorola and Bell Laboratories were in a race to incorporate the technology into portable devices.

On April 3, 1973 Martin Cooper won the race when he placed the first cell phone call to his rival at AT&T. Motorola introduced the 16-ounce “DynaTAC” phone into commercial service in 1983, at a cost to the consumer of ,500. It weighed 2.5 lbs. took 10 hours to charge with 35 minutes of talk time. Features were limited to dial, listen and talk. This was commonly referred to as the Brick.

In 1977 cell phones went public. Chicago was the first city to trial cell phones with 2000 customers.

In 1983 Motorola, with the help of Martin Cooper, introduced the 16-ounce “DynaTAC” the first truly portable cellular phone. This phone took 15 years and a cost of over 100 million dollars to come to market. The cost to the consumer was 00. It weighed 2.5 lbs., took 10 hours to charge and allowed 35 minutes of talk time. Features were limited to dial, listen and talk.

From 1983 to the late 1980″s 1st generation cellular or car phones as they were often called became very popular. Most were not hand held but rather installed in cars or bag phones.

In 1988 the CTIA (Cellular Technology Industry Association) was founded.

In the early 1990′s second generation or 2G phones came onto the market. They were able to work on GSM, TDMA, and CDMA technology. 2G digital networks were online and replacing the analog network frequencies making them virtually obsolete. The phones became much smaller and portable and usage soared.

Currently third generation or 3G phones are the technology available today. 3G phones include innovations that allow them to receive more than just phone calls. For example Internet access and email capability and streaming video.

In December 2005 the wireless industry in the US surpassed the 200 million subscriber mark. In 2006 that number grew to 233 million subscribers with 12.8% of households being totally wireless. There are 195,613 cell sites making this possible.

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The Cell Phone: Exceeding our Expectations

The cell phone has permeated daily life. True to its intended purpose it has a primary role in staying connected to family and friends. As its design has become more complex and diverse functions added, the role of the cell phone in our lives has grown: keeping users informed via internet access and entertained through viewing video clips, playing games, and taking pictures. As it was designed to do, it has become well integrated into our routines.

It seems clear that the cell phone or its descendants are here to stay with us for quite some time as it continues to add convenient multitasking features that rapidly become indispensable for users. It seems likely that using a cell phone in lieu of a credit card, rather than a separate GPS device, or instead of an MP3 player is not far ahead. The future of stand alone cameras and camcorders also appears somewhat dimmed by the constantly upgraded abilities of the device. It is even possible that the cell phone will seriously encroach on the realm of the personal PC. With its portability and lower cost, it is used more frequently than PCs to browse the web in many countries and could potentially do the same in the US.

However, the role of the cell phone in the future may be even larger; larger than its designers even imagined.

The cell phone is a powerful device because of its portability and the number of them scattered across the globe. As it has picked up internet capabilities and video capture, it has the ability to record and dispense information rapidly. Every cell phone owner now has the potential of recording the events they observe and sharing that information almost immediately with audiences practically anywhere on the planet.

The world of law enforcement, for instance, is not one in which the designers of the cell phone probably anticipated their creations would venture. However, incidents in recent years have pointed out the unique qualifications of a cell phone to play a role in crime prevention and investigation. The image capture and texting capabilities have been particularly useful.

The world has had its first view of disasters, accidents, and alerts to crimes in progress, such as hostage situations, thanks to these devices. In addition, the cell phone is capable of providing a record of more detailed information than is often available through eye witnesses alone. The information offered by a cell phone in the right place at the right time has been so useful that some authorities are hoping to upgrade the 911 system to accept their video images directly.

Another unexpected stage for the cell phone is entertainment. Certainly designers purposely added viewing capabilities but the potential role of cell phones in creating photographic and film documentaries and entertainment was not likely envisioned originally. In conjunction with the internet and the growing popularity of “user generated content”, the photography and video images from cell phones have found their way onto the national and international stage providing content for purposes as diverse as entertainment, education, editorial comment, and news. The landscape and direction of the internet has been altered based on the popularity of sites such as Flickr and other user generated content sites which thrive on submissions that are, in part, generated by cell phones.

Even the older medium of television may experience the infiltration of the cell phone. With stations such as Current TV which provides 30% of its programming based on user generated content, it is likely that the cell phone will be used to provide news and documentary shorts created by producer/viewers who have cell phones readily at their disposal. Certainly the cell phone medium could offer a much different and innovative type of programming by providing a more immediate and unbiased representation of events.

With roles emerging in law enforcement, emergency response, and the creation of entertainment, education, and news pieces, the role of the cell phone appears to be advancing while designers and the rest of the world try to keep up. It appears that the capabilities of the future cell phone may be directed by the device itself and its natural evolution.

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Future Cell Phone Innovations

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Cell phones, which have been in the forefront of every cutting-edge wireless breakthrough, will witness further enhancements in terms of technology and design in 2010 and beyond. The most special feature, slotted to be added by Infosys, is a 3D hologram. Furthermore, traffic maps to show the speed at which a vehicle is traveling are also expected to be included. Sony Ericsson has been working with RFID to integrate it with cell phones that can then be used as a car or home key.

Innovations in Cell Phones in 2010

An Australian firm, aiming to cut down credit card fraud, has been reviewing cell phones that would provide the name of the location where the credit card has been used. Some of the other innovations that seem to be around the corner are:

Super fast charge – Great strides have been made to ensure that the handset battery lasts for a few hours. Now, utilizing lithium-ion technology, the charge time is likely to be reduced to a few seconds.

Morphing – The future looks bright for those with unsteady fingers, given the anticipated launch of NEC tag phones. A rubber-like ‘shape-memorizing’ material, the NEC tag, affords flexibility. Users can roll it into a ball or fold it like a wallet. Nokia is working upon nanotechnology products to build a Morph phone that can be bent or twisted into different shapes and use the nearly invisible technology so that the user can literally see through the phones.

Credit use – Using cell phones as a payment method has been in trial for two years now. The idea is to use cell phones as a quick pass credit card that would require swiping. The user simply needs to bring it in close proximity to a sensor. The phone, when linked to a bank account, gets charged and the two way communication offers added security.

Point to find – This technology would enable one’s phone to become so smart that by simply pointing it towards a building, it would be capable of determining the structure and provide relevant information. In shops, the RFID tags will scan products to find the price, the items from which it has been manufactured, the number of calories and everything else that the user may want to know.

Smartphones are all set to become the norm in 2010. It is quite common to see an average person in a first world country owning a smartphone. The year 2010 will definitely see a further surge in the popularity of such phones.