The internet has an amazing capacity for marketing products. With literally millions of people accessing it, the world is virtually at your fingertips. With that being said, most people come to the internet in search of one thing: information. For this reason, writing and marketing a viral information product, like an ebook or a CD, is a great way to benefit financially from people’s desire to learn and stay informed.
A viral information product is a simple, 10-20 page digital book or a home-produced CD or DVD, that you use to market yourself, your ideas and other products. By selling at a loss or giving away the information product and offering others the rights to do the same, you can expand your contact base exponentially. If you give your product to 10 people, who in turn give it to 10 people, you have expanded your influence to 100 people. That’s the beauty of viral information product marketing-you create multiple streams of income.
Producing a viral information product
Step 1 – Choose a topic that you are not only interested in demonstrating or writing about, but that you think others could benefit from the information. As an example, if you have a talent for gardening and you plan on building a compost bin this spring, document the entire process with photos, videos and text. Then simple compile your information into any format you like and, voila, you have your first information product!
Step 2 – Check the internet for interest on that particular topic. Use research that has already been done for you by investigating best-selling books on sites like Amazon or Chapters. Find their “how-to” sections and look for the hot topics. If those topics are selling, you already know there is a market. Any topic that teaches others how to make money, how to stop pain, learn a new skill or how to improve their lives can be very profitable. Marketing a viral eBook
Step 3 – Give the book away for free and allow others to do the same. But, include links within the book that link back to a website where you offer other items for sale. If you write an eBook on viral marketing, for example, and give it away for free but it has links to another book on “Top 20 topics for viral marketing” on your website that you sell for profit, many will read your free eBook and then follow the link for further information and purchase your for-profit book.
Step 4 – Sell the book for a minimal price and allow others to do the same. Selling ebooks on eBay is a great way to do this. Following the same rules in step #3, you will still lead your readers to other products that will result in further sales.
Step 5 – Provide opportunities for others to sell your higher priced items as an affiliate. If 10 affiliate sales people lead 10 people to purchase an eBook you are selling for and you are giving them a 50% cut for doing so, you will have an additional 100 people buying your book that you will make off of without having to find the buyers yourself. That is 00 and you didn’t do a thing!
Two items of caution:
Presenting ideas that are not valid as a quick way to make money may lead to a small payoff for you. However, bad press spreads quickly online. If what you are selling is not valid or worth the money, your name will be ruined along with possible
future sales. Make sure that when giving your eBook away, there is a caveat that states that users are not allowed to change the links. Doing so would defeat the purpose of your writing the book in the first place.
At “Many Streams One River” our free 7-day mini-course is aimed at helping you develop YOUR PRODUCT in the niche that gets YOU excited and motivated! If you love vegetarian cooking, we want to help you make money by teaching others about vegetarian cooking! If adventure tours in tropical countries gets your blood pumping, we want you to be able to make money and live that dream by teaching others what you know! eBay and viral information product marketing allows you to reach thousands of people who love what you love and will pay you to teach them what you know. Along with our free mini-course, we offer a thorough, easy-to-understand ebook entitled “Auction Profit Streams” that will lead you from start to finish in creating your viral information product to release and sell on eBay. Our free course and the ebook is available on our site at http://www.manystreamsoneriver.com Here’s to your success!
Questions and Answers
Ask our experts your Online Business related questions here…
We all want to make money fast and we badly want to learn how to sell ebooks online fast and make lots of money without even lifting a finger. Here we will discuss some important points.
Have you ever read something written by someone that seems like nothing but endless rambling thoughts and nothing else? Don’t do that if you plan to sell Ebooks online! You have to write in at least an 8th grade reading level so your information is easy to understand.
When you have information that other people want, you have a virtual goldmine at your fingertips. Information products line the shelves at bookstores nationwide in the non-fiction section, but they’re permeating the online market and catering to the needs of millions of online consumers hungry for advice and insight at all hours of the night.
If you intend to sell Ebooks online, email newsletters are a great way to up sell and convert non-sales to sales at a later time. This is why collecting your reader’s email addresses is very important. Placing a “subscribe here” box on your website is great way to accomplish gathering reader’s information.
Are you considering a home business to offset the financial necessities of the economic burden due to the lack of sufficent employment in the market place. Consider a Business that pays large up front bonuses and that is free to join.
When most people come online to start a business they are in search of information, when someone comes online to learn how to do something they are in search of information. That is why the internet has done so well with the power of search marketing, people come to search for and they provide the answer. But what if I told you that there is a way that you could capitalize on this type of information driven society and put money in your very own pocket.
Generally, we can imagine purchase anything on the Internet. Thus the web offers some customers with the chance to compare some prices in the comfort of their own home or office
Nowadays, most of us find a problem in buying the laptop or related accessories of our choice especially when we don’t want to end up making an expensive bargain and still want to buy the latest one.
The Online shopping grows in popularity every year with more shoppers turning to the Web for the best deals, unique items and easy point-and-click buying.
The Online shopping has become widely popular in recent years. Whether Amazon, eBay, or web-based versions of brick-and-mortar retail outlets, more people are making purchases with the click of a mouse.
With only 10-15% of people in the world blessed to be left-handed, the percentage of those that choose to pursue the game of golf creates a very small minority in the game.
There are an estimated 193 million guns in the United States, with some estimates as high as 250 million. According to a 1998 survey by the Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence, 43% of households with children have a gun.
With cutting edge technology comes cutting edge opportunity. In the world of handgun and rifle safes, the newest and greatest option on the market is fingerprint gun safes, also known as biometric gun safes.
Ready to step up your hiking experience? Using a Nordic walking pole (also called a trekking pole) is a great way to not only increase your workout, but provide relief from the stress your body takes on hikes.
Keeping blisters at bay during a hike can be the key to happy trails. Blisters can not only ruin a hike, but can cause severe pain for days to follow. By following simple precautions, you can enjoy your day blister-free.
While you may think you probably have enough food in your pantry to stretch for 3 days, the average homeowner grossly underestimates what they will need for food and water for the first 72 hours of an emergency, especially when planning for several people. Military meals ready to eat provide a simple, inexpensive and measured way to provide your food needs. For that reason, military meals ready to eat, or MRE’s, should always be a part of your kit.
Nordic Walking (also known as “ski walking” or “pole walking”) is a simple way to increase your walking workout without a perceived increase in exertion. If you already follow a walking routine, simply bringing along your trekking poles can give you added benefits in balance, posture and strength building.
It’s a tough time for businesses these days. As prices of basic commodities continue to rise; now more than ever, more people are turning to auctions sites like eBay to find the best deals and bargains.
At “Many Streams One River” our free 7-day mini-course is aimed at helping you develop YOUR PRODUCT in the niche that gets YOU excited and motivated! If you love vegetarian cooking, we want to help you make money by teaching others about vegetarian cooking! If adventure tours in tropical countries gets your blood pumping, we want you to be able to make money and live that dream by teaching others what you know! eBay and viral information product marketing allows you to reach thousands of people who love what you love and will pay you to teach them what you know. Along with our free mini-course, we offer a thorough, easy-to-understand ebook entitled “Auction Profit Streams” that will lead you from start to finish in creating your viral information product to release and sell on eBay. Our free course and the ebook is available on our site at http://www.manystreamsoneriver.com Here’s to your success!
Across the globe womens health issue is an important factor lying in the concern list of humanity. Not only in america but in many foreign countries womens health always remained a discussing point not only official but at homes, in community and at larger scope in medical field.
Earlier people never used to seek any guidance regarding womens health from any where. They used to feel shy in discussing or knowing anything about one’s bodily problems especially womens health. Women the name is itself is sufficient to know its world and when it comes to its health then the world is not enough to understand the topic womens health. Women has lots of problems not only bodily but also socially, official, homely and financially and its own originality, which passes through womens health only.
But today the main focus is going on womens health across the globe. Especially in america women are organizing seminars, community meetings, group discussions and organizing knowledge iwth games related to one’s health topics of womens health, so that one can focus more broadly on one’s or other womens health concern more seriously as it might help them in sharing with each other without having any problem.
Now the level of womens health ratio will only rise up if certain factors must get involved such as education, social awareness, good diets and financial stability in the society. Before touching any aspect of womens health one should think very genuinely about its facets. Its very important that the women must be educated regarding one’s own problems to understand them so that they can avoid the risk involved in losing one’s life and should be able to take more proper medication instead of lying on others or seeking others to come up for help. To understand womens health it is very important go through in such a way. Now parents are too playing good role in making womens health more broader issue by allowing one’s daughter doctor , engineer , and scientist to become and giving them every scope to make their prescence in every field shouldering men to men. There is no field left for women to touch them except womens health.
Many people would rather suffer in silence than discuss those embarrassing health related topics with even their closest friends. Here to let out some of the most common taboo health topics women are reluctant to share is Gynecologist, Dr. Lauri Romanzi. (03:31)
Acai Berry benefits for pregnant women. There are important benefits for pregnant women who take an acai berry supplement. Here are the top 10 benefits and potential side effects for acai berry and your pregnancy.
To ask if you will discover side effects from Acai berry is like wondering if you will discover side effects to consuming oranges. The acai fruit is just a quite nutritious fruit. The local people which crop the acai in the Amazon rain forest in Brazil (in which it grows on tall trees) eat plenty of acai. Several reports are that around 42% of their own intake of food consists of raw acai berry!
Hi, I’m Sherry and I wish to share the secrets of my weight loss through my acai berry select review. My acai berry select review is rather personal. One of the main reasons why I wish to share my personal experience is because; I actually lost almost 23 pounds of…
Acai berry, the little berry fruit discovered in the Brazilian jungles has become the world’s no.1 super food. So much has been said about Acai Berry, and in all fairness, it really keeps up with all the praises and good reviews it is receiving. Now, many are asking, is acai berry for pregnant women? As we all know when a woman gets pregnant, many restrictions on her diet, activities and medications are instructed by the doctor. That is why it is very important that we know if a pregnant woman c
Media throughout the world have been touting the incredible benefits of the nearly divine food Acai berry, however little has been mentioned concerning the presence of any Acai berry side effects. Some site begin their reviews discussing negative effects but conclude that there aren’t any unwanted effects from consuming too much or too little of the superfood. These berries are only known to be found in the rain forests of Brazil and Peru. They are found on thin…
It is popularly known that the acai berry has become important in the world of supplements. There are many reasons as to why the acai berry is so wonderful for our bodies, and why daily intake is recommended.
A good diet program with a proven weight loss method that anyone can use is a good way to achieve weight loss success. Unlike other diet programs out there you should find a diet that doesn’t rely on …
Similar to any medical job, it’s all the time price your effort to search for the appropriate dentist whom you will be comfortable with. That usually means getting one who’s properly trained and skilled to do what you expect and one whose costs might be covered by your dental insurance coverage or wallet.
Chiropractors provide an alternative and complementary treatment method for most human ailments. But the practice vary among states and if you have plans to go under a chiropractor’s treatment, you need to know which state offers the most liberal practice that allows patients to benefit the most. Only a few states do and Kansas is one of them.
Colon cleansers to lose weight is very popular, especially now when bikini season is not so far away. Is this a real way to lose those unwanted pounds? Read more to find out how they work…
Tricking your metabolism, whether you realize it or not, is one of the fastest ways to achieve rapid weight loss. Exercise and eating what you might automatically think of but, they’re actually just ways to manipulate your metabolism. However, there are actually quite a few easy techniques that anyone can do in order to increase their resting metabolic rate and drop stored fat faster than they expected.
Because diet is a very essential aspect in the growth and development of the child, it is important to determine the foods that may potentially lead to harm.
A Stop Snoring Mouth Guard sustains your jaw from transferring backwards and moves it forward clearing the air passage as you sleep, thus eliminating or reducing snoring altogether.
Bluetooth software is wireless technology which act as a international open standard permitting the devices for communicating among themselves withing short range wireless links.
Bluetooth handsfree used by users which is quite safe and convenient. Bluetooth handsfree avoids the worry of putting the hand again and again in one’s wallet for using it. Now users can use plug and go talk handsfree car kit which is quite user-friendly and one can very easily install it.
One should have information that vitmain d belongs to the group of fat-soluble prohormones having two categories like vitamin D2 and vitamin D3. Its very common that vitamin d is abstracted from sun exposure, food , and supplements .
In science vitamin E named as generic term which is used for tocopherols and tocotrienols. The vitamin E belongs to the family of of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols including four kinds of tocotrienols.
To get more knowledge about pregnancyand other factoid, visit the acai berry site.
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GO TO www.exceptionaleproducts.com/women/womens-health – Secrets to Womens Health and Happiness are shared in this insightful Instant Download eBook and Audio Program. Visit our Online Bookstore NOW to discover more about this ebook and browse titles available on lifestyle, family, business and health.
The Information and Computer Technology (ICT) program at East Carolina University prepares students for many different challenges facing professionals in the information and technology field. At ECU, students in the Information and Computer Technology program of study will gain the hands-on skills and knowledge they need to succeed in their careers. Courses include such areas as computer network installation and maintenance, routing and switching technology, and network security and intrusion detection, to name a few. Video Rating: 0 / 5
Assistive technology and computer applications for people with disabilities
MATHEMATICS CALCUL PC COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY POSTAL STATIONERY CARD INFORMATIC
Objectives and Characteristics of Management Information System
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
Objectives and Characteristics of Management Information System
A management information system (MIS) is a system or process which provides information needed to manage organizations effectively. Management information systems are regarded to be a subset of the overall internal controls procedures in a business, which cover the application of people, documents, technologies, and procedures by management accountants to solve business problems such as costing a product, service or a business-wide strategy. Management information systems are distinct from regular information systems in that they are used to analyze other information systems applied in operational activities in the organization. Academically, the term is commonly used to refer to the group of information management methods tied to the automation or support of human decision making, e.g. Decision Support Systems, Expert systems, and Executive information systems.
At the start, in businesses and other organizations, internal reporting was made manually and only periodically, as a by-product of the accounting system and with some additional statistics, and gave limited and delayed information on management performance. Previously, data had to be separated individually by the people as per the requirement and necessity of the organization. Later, data was distinguished from information, and instead of the collection of mass of data, important, and to the point data that is needed by the organization was stored.
Early on, business computers were mostly used for relatively simple operations such as tracking sales or payroll data, often without much detail. Over time these applications became more complex and began to store increasing amounts of information while also interlinking with previously separate information systems. As more and more data was stored and linked man began to analyze this information into further detail, creating entire management reports from the raw, stored data. The term “MIS” arose to describe these kinds of applications, which were developed to provide managers with information about sales, inventories, and other data that would help in managing the enterprise. Today, the term is used broadly in a number of contexts and includes (but is not limited to): decision support systems, resource and people management applications, ERP, SCM, CRM, project management and database retrieval application.
An ‘MIS’ is a planned system of the collecting, processing, storing and disseminating data in the form of information needed to carry out the functions of management. In a way it is a documented report of the activities that were planned and executed.
According to Philip Kotler ”A marketing information system consists of people, equipment, and procedures to gather, sort, analyze, evaluate, and distribute needed, timely, and accurate information to marketing decision makers.”
The terms MIS and information system are often confused. Information systems include systems that are not intended for decision making. The area of study called MIS is sometimes referred to, in a restrictive sense, as information technology management. That area of study should not be confused with computer science. IT service management is a practitioner-focused discipline. MIS has also some differences with Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) as ERP incorporates elements that are not necessarily focused on decision support.
Professor Allen S. Lee states that ”…research in the information systems field examines more than the technological system, or just the social system, or even the two side by side; in addition, it investigates the phenomena that emerge when the two interact”.
Objectives of MIS:
Managers play a key role in any organization. They are responsible for taking decisions appropriate to the need of the market. Information systems have become the main tool used by managers in decision making. Managers perceive information as the driving force to achieve success in any business. Hence there is a need for MIS as:
Support of its business process and operations
Support of decision making by its employees and managers
Support of its strategies for competitive advantage-Gaining a strategic advantage
The major roles of the business applications of a Management Information System may be represented in the pyramid form as below:
Support Strategies for Competitive Advantage
Support Business Decision Making
Support Business Process and Operations
Characteristics of MIS:
MIS is mainly designed to take care of the needs of the managers in the organization.
MIS aids in integrating the information generated by various departments of the organization.
MIS helps in identifying a proper mechanism of storage of data.
MIS also helps in establishing mechanism to eliminate redundancies in data.
MIS as a system can be broken down into sub systems.
The role and significance of MIS in business and its classification is explained. It is possible to understand the various phases of development in MIS based on the type of system required in any organization.
Strategic Management Information System categories
Strategic Information System
A Strategic Information System (SIS) is a system to manage information and assist in strategic decision making. A strategic information system has been defined as, “The information system to support or change enterprise’s strategy.”A SIS is a type of Information System that is aligned with business strategy and structure. The alignment increases the capability to respond faster to environmental changes and thus creates a competitive advantage. An early example was the favorable position afforded American and United Airlines by their reservation systems, Sabre and Apollo. For many years these two systems ensured that the two carriers’ flights appeared on the first screens observed by travel agents, thus increasing their bookings relative to competitors. A major source of controversy surrounding SIS is their sustainability. SISs are different from other comparable systems as:
1) they change the way the firm competes.
2) they have an external (outward looking) focus.
3) they are associated with higher project risk.
4) they are innovative (and not easily copied).
It is mainly concerned with providing and organization and its members an assistance to perform the routine tasks efficiently and effectively. One of the major issue before any organization is the challenge of meeting its goals and objectives. Strategic IS enable such organization in realizing their goals. Strategic Information System (SIS) is a support to the existing system and helps in achieving a competitive advantage over the organizations competitors in terms of its objectives. This unit deals with the critical aspects of the strategic information system. This units indicates the theoretical concepts and the way in which the same are realized in practice. The flow of the unit is in such a way that it starts with the development of contemporary theory about strategic uses of corporations’ internal information systems leading to systems which transcend the boundaries of particular organizations. The process whereby strategic information systems are created or identified is then examined. A number of weaknesses in the existing body of theory are identified, and suggestions made as to directions in which knowledge is or may be progressing. A strategic information system is concerned with systems which contribute significantly to the achievement of an organization’s overall objectives. The body of knowledge is of recent origin and highly dynamic, and the area has an aura of excitement about it. The emergence of the key ideas, the process whereby strategic information systems come into being is assessed, areas of weakness are identified, and directions of current and future development suggested.
Information system is regarded as a tool to provide various services to different management functions. The tools have been developing year by year and the application of the tool has become more and more diverse. In management it is now a very power means to manage and control various activities and decision making process. The original idea of automating mechanical processes got quickly succeeded by the rationalization and integration of systems. In both of these forms, IS was regarded primarily as an operational support tool, and secondarily as a service to management. Subsequent to the development, it was during the last few years that an additional potential was discovered. It was found that, in some cases, information technology (IT) had been critical to the implementation of an organization’s strategy.
An organization’s strategy supported by information system fulfilling its business objectives came to be known as Strategic Information System. The strategic information system consists of functions that involved gathering, maintenance and analysis of data concerning internal resources, and intelligence about competitors, suppliers, customers, government and other relevant organizations.
Planning and Development of Management Information Systems.
Planning of information systems:
Many organizations have purchased computers for data processing and for meeting the statutory requirements of filling the returns and reports to the government. Computers are used mainly for computing and accounting the business transactions and have not been considered as tool for information processing.
The organizations have invested on computers and expanded its use by adding more or bigger computers to take care of the numerous transactions in the business. In this approach, the information processing function of the computers in the organization never got its due regard as an important asset to the organization. In fact, this function is misinterpreted as data processing for expeditious generation of reports and returns, and not as information processing for management action and decisions.
However, the scene has been changing since late eighties when the computers become more versatile, in the function of storage, communication, intelligence and language. The computer technology is so advanced that the barriers of storage, distance understanding of language and speed are broken.
In short, we need a management information system flexible enough to deal with the changing information needs of the organization. It should be conceived as an open system continuously interacting with the business environment with a built-in mechanism to provide the desired information as per the new requirements of the management. The designing as such in open system is a complex task. It can be achieved only if the MIS is planned, keeping in view, the plan of the business management of the organization.
Development of information systems:
Once the plan of MIS is made, the development of the MIS calls for determining for the strategy of development. As discussed earlier, the plan consists of various systems and sub systems. The development strategy determines where to begin and what sequence the development can take place with the sole objective of assuring the information support.
The choice of the system or the sub-system depends on its position in the total MIS plan, the size of the system, the user understands of the systems and the complexity and its interface with other systems. The designer first develops systems independently and starts integrating them with other systems, enlarging the system scope and meeting the varying information needs.
Determining the position of the position of the system in the MIS is easy. The real problem is the degree of structure, and formalization in the system and procedures which determine the timing and duration of development of the system.
Necessity and importance of Systems Design in MIS.
The business application system demands designing of systems suitable to the application in project.
The major steps involved in the design are the following:
Input Design – Input design is defined as the input requirement specification as per a format required. Input design begins long before the data arrives at the device. The analyst will have to design source documents, input screens and methods and procedures for getting the data into the computer.
Output Design – The design of the output is based on the requirement of the user – manager, customer etc. The output formats have to very friendly to the user. Therefore the designer has to ensure the appropriateness of the output format.
Development – When the design and its methodology is approved, the system is developed using appropriate business models. The development has to be in accordance to a given standard. The norms have to be strictly adhered to.
Testing – Exhaustive and thorough testing must be conducted to ascertain whether the system produces the right results. Testing is time consuming: Test data must be carefully prepared, results reviewed and corrections made in the system. In some instances, parts of the system may have to be redesigned. Testing an information system can be broken down into three types of activities: unit testing, system testing and acceptance testing. Unit testing or program testing consists of testing each program separately in the system. The purpose of such testing is to guarantee that programs are error free, but this goal is realistically impossible. Instead, testing should be viewed as a means of locating errors in programs, focusing on finding all ways to make a program fail. Once pinpointed, problems can be corrected. System testing tests the functioning of the information system as a whole. It tries to determine if discrete modules will function together as planned and whether discrepancies exist between the way the system actually works and the way it was conceived. Among the areas examined are performance time, capacity for file storage and handling peak loads, recovery and restart capabilities and manual procedures. Acceptance testing provides the final certification that the system is ready to be used in a production setting. Systems tests are evaluated by users and reviewed by management. When all parties are satisfied that the new system meets their standards, the system is formally accepted for installation.
Implementation and Maintenance
Conversion – Conversion is the process of changing from the old system to the new system. Four main conversion strategies can be employed. They are the parallel strategy, the direct cutover strategy, the pilot strategy and the phased strategy.
In a parallel strategy both the old system and its potential replacement are run together for a time until everyone is assure that the new one functions correctly. This is the safest conversion approach because, in the event of errors or processing disruptions, the old system can still be used as a backup. But, this approach is very expensive, and additional staff or resources may be required to run the extra system.
The direct cutover strategy replaces the old system entirely with the new system on an appointed day. At first glance, this strategy seems less costly than the parallel conversion strategy. But, it is a very risky approach that can potentially be more costly than parallel activities if serious problems with the new system are found. There is no other system to fall back on. Dislocations, disruptions and the cost of corrections are enormous.
The pilot study strategy introduces the new system to only a limited area of the organization, such as a single department or operating unit. When this version is complete and working smoothly, it is installed throughout the rest of the organization, either simultaneously or in stages.
The phased approach strategy introduces the new system in stages, either by functions or by organizational units. If, for example, the system is introduced by functions, a new payroll system might begin with hourly workers who are paid weekly, followed six months later by adding salaried employees( who are paid monthly) to the system. If the system is introduced by organizational units, corporate headquarters might be converted first, followed by outlying operating units four months later.
Moving from an old system to a new system requires that end users be trained to use the new system. Detailed documentation showing how the system works from both a technical and enduser standpoint is finalized during conversion time for use in training and everyday operations. Lack of proper training and documentation contributes to system failure, so this portion of the systems development process is very important.
Production and maintenance
After the new system is installed and conversion is complete, the system is said to be in production. During this stage the system will be reviewed by both users and technical specialists to determine how well it has met its original objectives and to decide whether any revisions or modifications are in order. In some instances, a formal post implementation audit document will be prepared. After the system has been finetuned, it will need to be maintained while it is in production to correct errors, meet requirements or improve processing efficiency.
Once a system is fully implemented and is being used in business operations, the maintenance function begins. Systems maintenance is the monitoring, or necessary improvements. For example, the implementation of a new system usually results in the phenomenon known as the learning curve. Personnel who operate and use the system will make mistake simply because they are familiar withit. Though such errors usually diminish as experience is gained with a new system, they do point out areas where a system may be improved.
Maintenance is also necessary for other failures and problems that arise during the operation of a system. Endusers and information systems personnel then perform a troubleshooting function to determine the causes of and solutions to such problems.
Maintenance also includes making modifications to an established system due to changes in the business organizations, and new e-business and ecommerce initiatives may require major changes to current business systems.
Explain in detail about e-business, e-commerce and e-collaboration. Give suitable examples.
Managing an E-business & Challenges before an E-business – Due to Internet capabilities and web technology, traditional business organization definition has undergone a change where scope of the enterprise now includes other company locations, business partners, customers and vendors. It has no geographic boundaries as it can extend its operations where Internet works. All this is possible due to Internet and web moving traditional paper driven organization to information driven Internet enabled E-business enterprise. E-business enterprise is open twenty-four hours, and being independent, managers, vendors, customers transact business any time from anywhere. Internet capabilities have given E-business enterprise a cutting edge capability advantage to increase the business value. It has opened new channels of business as buying and selling can be done on Internet. It enables to reach new markets across the world anywhere due to communication capabilities. It has empowered customers and vendors / suppliers through secured access to information to act, wherever necessary. The cost of business operations has come down significantly due to the elimination of paper-driven processes, faster communication and effective collaborative working. The effect of these radical changes is the reduction in administrative and management overheads, reduction in inventory, faster delivery of goods and services to the customers.
In E-business enterprise traditional people organization based on ‘Command Control’ principle is absent. It is replaced by people organization that is empowered byinformation and knowledge to perform their role. They are supported by informationsystems, application packages, and decision-support systems. It is no longerfunctional, product, and project or matrix organization of people but E-organization where people work in network environment as a team or work group in virtual mode. Ebusiness enterprise is more process-driven, Technology-enabled and uses its own information and knowledge to perform. It is lean in number, flat in structure, broad in scope and a learning organization. In E-business enterprise, most of the things are electronic, use digital technologies and work on databases, knowledge bases, directories and document repositories. The business processes are conducted through enterprise software like ERP, SCM, and CRM supported by data warehouse, decision support, and knowledge management systems. Today most of the business organizations are using Internet technology, network, and wireless technology for improving the business performance measured in terms of cost, efficiency, competitiveness and profitability. They are using E-business, Ecommerce solutions to reach faraway locations to deliver product and services. The enterprise solutions like ERP, SCM, and CRM run on Internet (Internet / Extranet) & Wide Area Network (WAN). The business processes across the organization and outside run on Etechnology platform using digital technology. Hence today’s business firm is also called E-enterprise or Digital firm.
The paradigm shift to E-enterprise has brought four transformations, namely:
1. Domestic business to global business.
2. Industrial manufacturing economy to knowledge-based service economy.
3. Enterprise Resource Management to Enterprise Network Management.
Manual document driven business process to paperless, automated, electronically transacted business process.
These transformations have made conventional organization design obsolete.
In E-enterprise, business is conducted electronically. Buyers and sellers through Internet drive the market and Internet-based web systems. Buying and selling is possible on Internet. Books, CDs, computer, white goods and many such goods are bought and sold on Internet. The new channel of business is well-known as Ecommerce. On the same lines, banking, insurance, healthcare are being managed through Internet E-banking, E-billing, E-audit, & use of Credit cards, Smart card, ATM, E-money are the examples of the Ecommerce application. The digital firm, which uses Internet and web technology and uses E-business and Ecommerce solutions, is a reality and is going to increase in number.
MIS for E-business is different compared to conventional MIS design of an organization.
The role of MIS in E-business organization is to deal with changes in global market and enterprises. MIS produces more knowledge-based products. Knowledge management system is formally recognized as a part of MIS. It is effectively used for strategic planning for survival and growth, increase in profit and productivity and so on. To achieve the said benefits of E-business organization, it is necessary to redesign the organization to realize the benefits of digital firm. The organization structure should be lean and flat. Get rid of rigid established infrastructure such as branch office or zonal office. Allow people to work from anywhere. Automate processes after reengineering the process to cut down process cycle time. Make use of groupware technology on Internet platform for faster response processing. Another challenge is to convert domestic process design to work for international process, where integration of multinational information systems using different communication standards, country-specific accounting practices, and laws of security are to be adhered strictly.
Internet and networking technology has thrown another challenge to enlarge the scope of organization where customers and vendors become part of the organization. This technology offers a solution to communicate, coordinate, and collaborate with customers, vendors and business partners. This is just not a technical change in business operations but a cultural change in the mindset of managers and workers to look beyond the conventional organization. It means changing the organization behaviour to take competitive advantage of the E-business technology.
The last but not the least important is the challenge to organize and implement information architecture and information technology platforms, considering multiple locations and multiple information needs arising due to global operations of the business into a comprehensive MIS.
E-COMMERCE is a second big application next to ERP. It is essential deals with buying and selling of goods. With the advent of intent and web technology, E-Commerce today covers an entire commercial scope online including design and developing, marketing, selling, delivering, servicing, and paying for goods. Some E-Commerce application add order tracking as a feature for customer to know the delivery status of the order.
The entire model successfully works on web platform and uses internet technology.
Ecommerce process has two participants, namely Buyer and Seller, like in traditional business model. And unique and typical to E-commerce there is one more participant to seller by authorization and authentication of commercial transaction.
E-Commerce process model can be viewed in four ways and categories:
1. B2C: Business Organisation to Customer
2. B2B: Business Organisation to Business
3. C2B: Customer to Business Organisation
4. C2C: Customer to Customer
In B2C Model, business organization uses websites or portals to offer information about product, through multimedia clippings, catalogues, product configuration guidelines, customer histories and so on. A new customer interacts with the site and uses interactive order processing system for order placements. On placements of order, secured payment systems comes into operation to authorize and authenticate payment to seller. The delivery system then take over to execute the delivery to customer.
In B2B Model, buyer and seller are business organizations. They exchange technical & commercial through websites and portals. Then model works on similar line like B2C. More advanced B2B model uses Extranet and Conducts business transaction based on the information status displayed on the buyer’s application server.
In C2B Model, customer initiates actions after logging on to seller’s website or to server. On the server of the selling organization, E-Commerce application are present for the use of the customer. The entire Internet banking process work on C2B model where account holders of the bank transact a number of requirements such as seeking account balance, payment and so on.
In C2C model, Customer Participates in the process of selling and buying through the auction website. In this model, website is used for personal advertising of products or services. ENewspaper website is an Example of advertising and selling of goods to customer.
In B2B Model, the participants in E-business are two organisation with relations as buyer=seller, distributor-dealer and so on.
E-Collaboration every business has a number of work scenarios where group of people work together to complete the tasks and to achieve a common objective. The group could be teams or virtual teams with different member strength. They come together to platform a task to achieve some results. The process is called Collaboration. The Biggest
Advantage of E-Collaboration.
It taps the collective wisdom, knowledge and experience of the members. The collaboration team or group could be within the organization and between the organization as well.
Since, E-Collaboration works on an internet platform and uses web technology, work group/team need not be at one physical location.
E-collaboration uses E-Communication capabilities to perform collaborative tasks or project assignment. Its effectiveness is increased by software ‘GroupWare’ that enables the members of the group to share information, invoke an application and work together to create documents and share them and so on.
E-Collaboration helps work effectively on applications like calendaring and scheduling tasks, event, project management, workflow application, work group application.
E-collaboration system components are internet, Intranet, Extranet and LAN, WAN networks for communication through GroupWare tools, browser.
Let us illustrate the model using an event in the business such as receipt of material for a job to be processed on the shop floor. In this event there is a transaction receipt of material, which needs to be processed, and then a workgroup will use this information of material receipt. Each member of this workgroup has a different goal.
What is an internet? Explain the differences between internet, intranet and extranet.
Internet is a global network of interconnected computers, enabling users to share information along multiple channels. Typically, a computer that connects to the Internet can access information from a vast array of available servers and other computers by moving information from them to the computer’s local memory. The same connection allows that computer to send information to servers on the network; that information is in turn accessed and potentially modified by a variety of other interconnected computers. A majority of widely accessible information on the Internet consists of inter-linked hypertext documents and other resources of the World Wide Web (WWW). Computer users typically manage sent and received information with web browsers; other software for users’ interface with computer networks includes specialized programs for electronic mail, online chat, file transfer and file sharing.
The movement of information in the Internet is achieved via a system of interconnected computer networks that share data by packet switching using the standardized Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP). It is a “network of networks” that consists of millions of private and public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope that are linked by copper wires, fiber-optic cables, wireless connections, and other technologies.
Difference between internet, intranet and extranet as follow:
Extranet :
An extranet is a private network that uses the Internet protocols and the public telecommunication system to securely share part of a business’s information or operations with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other businesses. An extranet can be viewed as part of a company’s intranet that is extended to users outside the company. An extranet requires security and privacy.
A new buzzword that refers to an intranet that is partially accessible to authorized outsiders. Whereas an intranet resides behind a firewall and is accessible only to people who are members of the same company or organization, an extranet provides various levels of accessibility to outsiders. You can access an extranet only if you have a valid username and password, and your identity determines which parts of the extranet you can view. An extranet is somewhat very similar to an intranet. Extranets are designed specifically to give external, limited access to certain files of your computer systems to:
Certain large or privileged customers.
Selected industry partners.
Suppliers and subcontractors… etc.
Therefore, a carefully designed extranet can bring additional business to your company.
Intranets and extranets all have three things in common:
They both use secured Internet access to the outside world.
Both can drastically save your company or organization a lot of money.
Both need a user ID & password to control access to the whole system.
The professional development team at My Web Services has the expertise and the right tools to design the right intranet or extranet that will meet your exact needs, both for today and the future.
Intranet:
An internal use, private network inside an organisation that uses the same kind of software which would also be found on the Internet. Inter-connected network within one organization that uses Web technologies for the sharing of information internally, not world wide. Such information might include organization policies and procedures, announcements, or information about new products.
An intranet is a restricted-access network that works like the Web, but isn’t on it. Usually owned and managed by a company, an intranet enables a company to share its resources with its employees without confidential information being made available to everyone with Internet access.
A network based on TCP/IP protocols (an internet) belonging to an organization, usually a corporation, accessible only by the organization’s members, employees, or others with authorization. An intranet’s Web sites look and act just like any other Web sites, but the firewall surrounding an intranet fends off unauthorized access. Like the Internet itself, intranets are used to share information.
An intranet is an information portal designed specifically for the internal communications of small, medium or large businesses, enterprises, governments, industries or financial institutions of any size or complexity. Intranets can be custom-designed to fit the exact needs of businesses no matter where they are situated.
Users of intranets consists mainly of:
Members of the executive team.
Accounting and order billing.
Managers and directors.
Sales people and support staff.
Customer service, help desk, etc..
Internet:
An electronic network of computers that includes nearly every university, government, and research facility in the world. Also included are many commercial sites. It started with four interconnected computers in 1969 and was known as ARPAnet. A network of computer networks which operates world-wide using a common set of communications protocols. The vast collection of inter-connected networks across the world that all use the TCP/IP protocols.
A global network connecting millions of computers. A worldwide network of computer networks. It is an interconnection of large and small networks around the globe. The Internet began in 1962 as a resilient computer network for the US military and over time has grown into a global communication tool of more than 12,000 computer networks that share a common addressing scheme.
Early on, business computers were mostly used for relatively simple operations such as tracking sales or payroll data, often without much detail. Over time these applications became more complex and began to store increasing amounts of information while also interlinking with previously separate iformation systems. As more and more data was stored and linked man began to analyze this information into further detail, creating entire management reports from the raw, stored data. The term “MIS” arose to describe these kinds of applications, which were developed to provide managers with information about sales, inventories, and other data that would help in managing the enterprise. Today, the term is used broadly in a number of contexts and includes (but is not limited to): decision support systems, resource and people management applications, ERP, SCM, CRM, project management and database retrieval application.
An ‘MIS’ is a planned system of the collecting, processing, storing and disseminating data in the form of information needed to carry out the functions of management. In a way it is a documented report of the activities that were planned and executed.
According to Philip Kotler ”A marketing information system consists of people, equipment, and procedures to gather, sort, analyze, evaluate, and distribute needed, timely, and accurate information to marketing decision makers.”
The terms MIS and information system are often confused. Information systems include systems that are not intended for decision making. The area of study called MIS is sometimes referred to, in a restrictive sense, as information technology management. That area of study should not be confused with computer science. IT service management is a practitioner-focused discipline. MIS has also some differences with Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) as ERP incorporates elements that are not necessarily focused on decision support.
Professor Allen S. Lee states that ”…research in the information systems field examines more than the technological system, or just the social system, or even the two side by side; in addition, it investigates the phenomena that emerge when the two interact”.
Objectives of MIS:
Managers play a key role in any organization. They are responsible for taking decisions appropriate to the need of the market. Information systems have become the main tool used by managers in decision making. Managers perceive information as the driving force to achieve success in any business. Hence there is a need for MIS as:
Support of its business process and operations
Support of decision making by its employees and managers
Support of its strategies for competitive advantage-Gaining a strategic advantage
The major roles of the business applications of a Management Information System may be represented in the pyramid form as below:
Support Strategies for Competitive Advantage
Support Business Decision Making
Support Business Process and Operations
Characteristics of MIS:
MIS is mainly designed to take care of the needs of the managers in the organization.
MIS aids in integrating the information generated by various departments of the organization.
MIS helps in identifying a proper mechanism of storage of data.
MIS also helps in establishing mechanism to eliminate redundancies in data.
MIS as a system can be broken down into sub systems.
The role and significance of MIS in business and its classification is explained. It is possible to understand the various phases of development in MIS based on the type of system required in any organization.
Strategic Management Information System categories
Strategic Information System
A Strategic Information System (SIS) is a system to manage information and assist in strategic decision making. A strategic information system has been defined as, “The information system to support or change enterprise’s strategy.”A SIS is a type of Information System that is aligned with business strategy and structure. The alignment increases the capability to respond faster to environmental changes and thus creates a competitive advantage. An early example was the favorable position afforded American and United Airlines by their reservation systems, Sabre and Apollo. For many years these two systems ensured that the two carriers’ flights appeared on the first screens observed by travel agents, thus increasing their bookings relative to competitors. A major source of controversy surrounding SIS is their sustainability. SISs are different from other comparable systems as:
1) they change the way the firm competes.
2) they have an external (outward looking) focus.
3) they are associated with higher project risk.
4) they are innovative (and not easily copied).
It is mainly concerned with providing and organization and its members an assistance to perform the routine tasks efficiently and effectively. One of the major issue before any organization is the challenge of meeting its goals and objectives. Strategic IS enable such organization in realizing their goals. Strategic Information System (SIS) is a support to the existing system and helps in achieving a competitive advantage over the organizations competitors in terms of its objectives. This unit deals with the critical aspects of the strategic information system. This units indicates the theoretical concepts and the way in which the same are realized in practice. The flow of the unit is in such a way that it starts with the development of contemporary theory about strategic uses of corporations’ internal information systems leading to systems which transcend the boundaries of particular organizations. The process whereby strategic information systems are created or identified is then examined. A number of weaknesses in the existing body of theory are identified, and suggestions made as to directions in which knowledge is or may be progressing. A strategic information system is concerned with systems which contribute significantly to the achievement of an organization’s overall objectives. The body of knowledge is of recent origin and highly dynamic, and the area has an aura of excitement about it. The emergence of the key ideas, the process whereby strategic information systems come into being is assessed, areas of weakness are identified, and directions of current and future development suggested.
Information system is regarded as a tool to provide various services to different management functions. The tools have been developing year by year and the application of the tool has become more and more diverse. In management it is now a very power means to manage and control various activities and decision making process. The original idea of automating mechanical processes got quickly succeeded by the rationalization and integration of systems. In both of these forms, IS was regarded primarily as an operational support tool, and secondarily as a service to management. Subsequent to the development, it was during the last few years that an additional potential was discovered. It was found that, in some cases, information technology (IT) had been critical to the implementation of an organization’s strategy.
An organization’s strategy supported by information system fulfilling its business objectives came to be known as Strategic Information System. The strategic information system consists of functions that involved gathering, maintenance and analysis of data concerning internal resources, and intelligence about competitors, suppliers, customers, government and other relevant organizations.
Planning and Development of Management Information Systems.
Planning of information systems:
Many organizations have purchased computers for data processing and for meeting the statutory requirements of filling the returns and reports to the government. Computers are used mainly for computing and accounting the business transactions and have not been considered as tool for information processing.
The organizations have invested on computers and expanded its use by adding more or bigger computers to take care of the numerous transactions in the business. In this approach, the information processing function of the computers in the organization never got its due regard as an important asset to the organization. In fact, this function is misinterpreted as data processing for expeditious generation of reports and returns, and not as information processing for management action and decisions.
However, the scene has been changing since late eighties when the computers become more versatile, in the function of storage, communication, intelligence and language. The computer technology is so advanced that the barriers of storage, distance understanding of language and speed are broken.
In short, we need a management information system flexible enough to deal with the changing information needs of the organization. It should be conceived as an open system continuously interacting with the business environment with a built-in mechanism to provide the desired information as per the new requirements of the management. The designing as such in open system is a complex task. It can be achieved only if the MIS is planned, keeping in view, the plan of the business management of the organization.
Development of information systems:
Once the plan of MIS is made, the development of the MIS calls for determining for the strategy of development. As discussed earlier, the plan consists of various systems and sub systems. The development strategy determines where to begin and what sequence the development can take place with the sole objective of assuring the information support.
The choice of the system or the sub-system depends on its position in the total MIS plan, the size of the system, the user understands of the systems and the complexity and its interface with other systems. The designer first develops systems independently and starts integrating them with other systems, enlarging the system scope and meeting the varying information needs.
Determining the position of the position of the system in the MIS is easy. The real problem is the degree of structure, and formalization in the system and procedures which determine the timing and duration of development of the system.
Necessity and importance of Systems Design in MIS.
The business application system demands designing of systems suitable to the application in project.
The major steps involved in the design are the following:
Input Design – Input design is defined as the input requirement specification as per a format required. Input design begins long before the data arrives at the device. The analyst will have to design source documents, input screens and methods and procedures for getting the data into the computer.
Output Design – The design of the output is based on the requirement of the user – manager, customer etc. The output formats have to very friendly to the user. Therefore the designer has to ensure the appropriateness of the output format.
Development – When the design and its methodology is approved, the system is developed using appropriate business models. The development has to be in accordance to a given standard. The norms have to be strictly adhered to.
Testing – Exhaustive and thorough testing must be conducted to ascertain whether the system produces the right results. Testing is time consuming: Test data must be carefully prepared, results reviewed and corrections made in the system. In some instances, parts of the system may have to be redesigned. Testing an information system can be broken down into three types of activities: unit testing, system testing and acceptance testing. Unit testing or program testing consists of testing each program separately in the system. The purpose of such testing is to guarantee that programs are error free, but this goal is realistically impossible. Instead, testing should be viewed as a means of locating errors in programs, focusing on finding all ways to make a program fail. Once pinpointed, problems can be corrected. System testing tests the functioning of the information system as a whole. It tries to determine if discrete modules will function together as planned and whether discrepancies exist between the way the system actually works and the way it was conceived. Among the areas examined are performance time, capacity for file storage and handling peak loads, recovery and restart capabilities and manual procedures. Acceptance testing provides the final certification that the system is ready to be used in a production setting. Systems tests are evaluated by users and reviewed by management. When all parties are satisfied that the new system meets their standards, the system is formally accepted for installation.
Implementation and Maintenance
Conversion – Conversion is the process of changing from the old system to the new system. Four main conversion strategies can be employed. They are the parallel strategy, the direct cutover strategy, the pilot strategy and the phased strategy.
In a parallel strategy both the old system and its potential replacement are run together for a time until everyone is assure that the new one functions correctly. This is the safest conversion approach because, in the event of errors or processing disruptions, the old system can still be used as a backup. But, this approach is very expensive, and additional staff or resources may be required to run the extra system.
The direct cutover strategy replaces the old system entirely with the new system on an appointed day. At first glance, this strategy seems less costly than the parallel conversion strategy. But, it is a very risky approach that can potentially be more costly than parallel activities if serious problems with the new system are found. There is no other system to fall back on. Dislocations, disruptions and the cost of corrections are enormous.
The pilot study strategy introduces the new system to only a limited area of the organization, such as a single department or operating unit. When this version is complete and working smoothly, it is installed throughout the rest of the organization, either simultaneously or in stages.
The phased approach strategy introduces the new system in stages, either by functions or by organizational units. If, for example, the system is introduced by functions, a new payroll system might begin with hourly workers who are paid weekly, followed six months later by adding salaried employees( who are paid monthly) to the system. If the system is introduced by organizational units, corporate headquarters might be converted first, followed by outlying operating units four months later.
Moving from an old system to a new system requires that end users be trained to use the new system. Detailed documentation showing how the system works from both a technical and enduser standpoint is finalized during conversion time for use in training and everyday operations. Lack of proper training and documentation contributes to system failure, so this portion of the systems development process is very important.
Production and maintenance
After the new system is installed and conversion is complete, the system is said to be in production. During this stage the system will be reviewed by both users and technical specialists to determine how well it has met its original objectives and to decide whether any revisions or modifications are in order. In some instances, a formal post implementation audit document will be prepared. After the system has been finetuned, it will need to be maintained while it is in production to correct errors, meet requirements or improve processing efficiency.
Once a system is fully implemented and is being used in business operations, the maintenance function begins. Systems maintenance is the monitoring, or necessary improvements. For example, the implementation of a new system usually results in the phenomenon known as the learning curve. Personnel who operate and use the system will make mistake simply because they are familiar withit. Though such errors usually diminish as experience is gained with a new system, they do point out areas where a system may be improved.
Maintenance is also necessary for other failures and problems that arise during the operation of a system. Endusers and information systems personnel then perform a troubleshooting function to determine the causes of and solutions to such problems.
Maintenance also includes making modifications to an established system due to changes in the business organizations, and new e-business and ecommerce initiatives may require major changes to current business systems.
Explain in detail about e-business, e-commerce and e-collaboration. Give suitable examples.
Managing an E-business & Challenges before an E-business – Due to Internet capabilities and web technology, traditional business organization definition has undergone a change where scope of the enterprise now includes other company locations, business partners, customers and vendors. It has no geographic boundaries as it can extend its operations where Internet works. All this is possible due to Internet and web moving traditional paper driven organization to information driven Internet enabled E-business enterprise. E-business enterprise is open twenty-four hours, and being independent, managers, vendors, customers transact business any time from anywhere. Internet capabilities have given E-business enterprise a cutting edge capability advantage to increase the business value. It has opened new channels of business as buying and selling can be done on Internet. It enables to reach new markets across the world anywhere due to communication capabilities. It has empowered customers and vendors / suppliers through secured access to information to act, wherever necessary. The cost of business operations has come down significantly due to the elimination of paper-driven processes, faster communication and effective collaborative working. The effect of these radical changes is the reduction in administrative and management overheads, reduction in inventory, faster delivery of goods and services to the customers.
In E-business enterprise traditional people organization based on ‘Command Control’ principle is absent. It is replaced by people organization that is empowered byinformation and knowledge to perform their role. They are supported by informationsystems, application packages, and decision-support systems. It is no longerfunctional, product, and project or matrix organization of people but E-organization where people work in network environment as a team or work group in virtual mode. Ebusiness enterprise is more process-driven, Technology-enabled and uses its own information and knowledge to perform. It is lean in number, flat in structure, broad in scope and a learning organization. In E-business enterprise, most of the things are electronic, use digital technologies and work on databases, knowledge bases, directories and document repositories. The business processes are conducted through enterprise software like ERP, SCM, and CRM supported by data warehouse, decision support, and knowledge management systems. Today most of the business organizations are using Internet technology, network, and wireless technology for improving the business performance measured in terms of cost, efficiency, competitiveness and profitability. They are using E-business, Ecommerce solutions to reach faraway locations to deliver product and services. The enterprise solutions like ERP, SCM, and CRM run on Internet (Internet / Extranet) & Wide Area Network (WAN). The business processes across the organization and outside run on Etechnology platform using digital technology. Hence today’s business firm is also called E-enterprise or Digital firm.
The paradigm shift to E-enterprise has brought four transformations, namely:
1. Domestic business to global business.
2. Industrial manufacturing economy to knowledge-based service economy.
3. Enterprise Resource Management to Enterprise Network Management.
Manual document driven business process to paperless, automated, electronically transacted business process.
These transformations have made conventional organization design obsolete.
In E-enterprise, business is conducted electronically. Buyers and sellers through Internet drive the market and Internet-based web systems. Buying and selling is possible on Internet. Books, CDs, computer, white goods and many such goods are bought and sold on Internet. The new channel of business is well-known as Ecommerce. On the same lines, banking, insurance, healthcare are being managed through Internet E-banking, E-billing, E-audit, & use of Credit cards, Smart card, ATM, E-money are the examples of the Ecommerce application. The digital firm, which uses Internet and web technology and uses E-business and Ecommerce solutions, is a reality and is going to increase in number.
MIS for E-business is different compared to conventional MIS design of an organization.
The role of MIS in E-business organization is to deal with changes in global market and enterprises. MIS produces more knowledge-based products. Knowledge management system is formally recognized as a part of MIS. It is effectively used for strategic planning for survival and growth, increase in profit and productivity and so on. To achieve the said benefits of E-business organization, it is necessary to redesign the organization to realize the benefits of digital firm. The organization structure should be lean and flat. Get rid of rigid established infrastructure such as branch office or zonal office. Allow people to work from anywhere. Automate processes after reengineering the process to cut down process cycle time. Make use of groupware technology on Internet platform for faster response processing. Another challenge is to convert domestic process design to work for international process, where integration of multinational information systems using different communication standards, country-specific accounting practices, and laws of security are to be adhered strictly.
Internet and networking technology has thrown another challenge to enlarge the scope of organization where customers and vendors become part of the organization. This technology offers a solution to communicate, coordinate, and collaborate with customers, vendors and business partners. This is just not a technical change in business operations but a cultural change in the mindset of managers and workers to look beyond the conventional organization. It means changing the organization behaviour to take competitive advantage of the E-business technology.
The last but not the least important is the challenge to organize and implement information architecture and information technology platforms, considering multiple locations and multiple information needs arising due to global operations of the business into a comprehensive MIS.
E-COMMERCE is a second big application next to ERP. It is essential deals with buying and selling of goods. With the advent of intent and web technology, E-Commerce today covers an entire commercial scope online including design and developing, marketing, selling, delivering, servicing, and paying for goods. Some E-Commerce application add order tracking as a feature for customer to know the delivery status of the order.
The entire model successfully works on web platform and uses internet technology.
Ecommerce process has two participants, namely Buyer and Seller, like in traditional business model. And unique and typical to E-commerce there is one more participant to seller by authorization and authentication of commercial transaction.
E-Commerce process model can be viewed in four ways and categories:
1. B2C: Business Organisation to Customer
2. B2B: Business Organisation to Business
3. C2B: Customer to Business Organisation
4. C2C: Customer to Customer
In B2C Model, business organization uses websites or portals to offer information about product, through multimedia clippings, catalogues, product configuration guidelines, customer histories and so on. A new customer interacts with the site and uses interactive order processing system for order placements. On placements of order, secured payment systems comes into operation to authorize and authenticate payment to seller. The delivery system then take over to execute the delivery to customer.
In B2B Model, buyer and seller are business organizations. They exchange technical & commercial through websites and portals. Then model works on similar line like B2C. More advanced B2B model uses Extranet and Conducts business transaction based on the information status displayed on the buyer’s application server.
In C2B Model, customer initiates actions after logging on to seller’s website or to server. On the server of the selling organization, E-Commerce application are present for the use of the customer. The entire Internet banking process work on C2B model where account holders of the bank transact a number of requirements such as seeking account balance, payment and so on.
In C2C model, Customer Participates in the process of selling and buying through the auction website. In this model, website is used for personal advertising of products or services. ENewspaper website is an Example of advertising and selling of goods to customer.
In B2B Model, the participants in E-business are two organisation with relations as buyer=seller, distributor-dealer and so on.
E-Collaboration every business has a number of work scenarios where group of people work together to complete the tasks and to achieve a common objective. The group could be teams or virtual teams with different member strength. They come together to platform a task to achieve some results. The process is called Collaboration. The Biggest
Advantage of E-Collaboration.
It taps the collective wisdom, knowledge and experience of the members. The collaboration team or group could be within the organization and between the organization as well.
Since, E-Collaboration works on an internet platform and uses web technology, work group/team need not be at one physical location.
E-collaboration uses E-Communication capabilities to perform collaborative tasks or project assignment. Its effectiveness is increased by software ‘GroupWare’ that enables the members of the group to share information, invoke an application and work together to create documents and share them and so on.
E-Collaboration helps work effectively on applications like calendaring and scheduling tasks, event, project management, workflow application, work group application.
E-collaboration system components are internet, Intranet, Extranet and L&l
The Dell Kace appliances are used to manage, control and deploy desktop system images that contain user files and applications and to do PC inventory and audits.
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Learn how to use PacketShaper to discover, classify and prioritize application traffic. We address four different questions that IT managers have about understanding how bandwidth-consuming applications interact over their networks, and how individual applications can be controlled for particular use cases.
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One of the most controversial fields where subliminal persuasion has been applied is advertising and marketing. The use of this technology in said field became controversial because of the ethical and legal issues involved. So, experts have conducted many studies on the real psychological effects of subliminal advertising to see whether it really is effective.
It is very important for businesses to understand the relevance of Managed Print Services in sustaining an efficient and productive office environment.
Marketing communication functions within a marketing framework. Traditionally known as the promotional element of the four Ps of marketing (product, place, price, and promotion), the primary goal of marketing communication is to reach a defined audience to affect its behavior by informing, persuading, and reminding. Marketing communication acquires new customers for brands by building awareness and encouraging trial. Marketing communication also maintains a brand’s current customer base.
A management information system is a system or process which provides information needed to manage organizations effectively. Management information systems are regarded to be a subset of the overall internal controls procedures in a business, which cover the application of people, documents, technologies, and procedures by management accountants to solve business problems such as costing a product, service or a business-wide strategy.
Integrated Marketing is a comprehensive approach to internal and external organizational communication. In IMC general advertising, sales promotion, direct response provide clarity, consistency and maximum communication impact.
IMC is a concerned with the strategic coordination of all the messages and media used by an organization to influence the prospectus. In the IMC approach the different communication are in the form of arcs making up a 360- degree circle, at the center of which lies the cu
There are so many differences between marketing and public relations. But in short we can say that Public Relations is a subset of marketing as it helps the marketing department of the company to decide its strategies and future plans.
Tanzania is endowed with the rich cultural heritage of 120 ethnic tribes. The Cultural Tourism Programme provides visitors with authentic cultural experiences that combine nature, scenery, folklore, ceremonies, dances, rituals, tales, art, handicrafts and hospitality that give a unique insight into the people’s way of life. It is a rewarding experience to leave the safari vehicle behind and walk through the lush tropical slopes of Mt Meru or Mt Kilimanjaro while Waarusha, Wameru or Wachagga gui
Public relation always has a corporate responsibility embracing stakeholder relations, social involvement, and employee relations, among others. However, in a marketing environment, public relations should also intend to contribute to the sales and marketing objectives of the company. For the purpose the company and its PR people can draw and formulate any type of strategy suiting their requirement.
The arrangement of Hot Desking can be quite cost effective for the companies and availability of flexible work time for the employees. This arrangement can give organisations effective people and long term employee relations as well as greater productivity.
Every employee belonging to a team or work group develops his or her own way of interacting with the other member in the group or the team, which is not defined in any organizational communication models and theories. It depends on the comfort level, likings and the way of thinking among the individuals. In any of the organization communication it is not mentioned that how two people discuss their personal problems and joys with others. However, for the coherence and getting excellence in the te
Google VP Vint Cerf talks internet evolution with views on municipal wireless and mobile connectivity. Government Technology videos at govtech.com. Video Rating: 0 / 5
Arts and entertainment are important parts and essence of everybodyâs life. When people want any information relating to arts or entertainment, the first thing they do is to search for an online arts entertainment center. Arts entertainment media improves and refreshes your state of mind by providing loads of information on everything related to art and entertainment.
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For instance, you can find a most comprehensive online arts entertainment center at arts-entertainment-world.info, an online art entertainment directory, for getting the latest information on art entertainment media which includes music, fashion, movies, games, e-cards, festivals, games, trivia and humor. It is an art directory and an entertainment portal that serve your needs. Just like a web directory, you can find a detailed catalogue of various web sites relating to arts and entertainment, which are indexed according to relevance and subject.
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There are immense benefits in an online art entertainment directory. By using the online art entertainment media, you can easily get information on the latest movie stars and Hollywood-favorite flicks. You can also get details about your favorite fashion freaks, ongoing trends and international music releases using these directories. The directory stores information about History, Humor and Jokes, Literature and Writers, Movies and Film, Museum and Team Building etc. Using the online directory you can get to know what is happening around you with the click of a mouse.
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As all the items are arranged and kept in order in the arts entertainment center, it is quite easy to search by category and get connected to a number of relevant sites. You can get what you are looking for from the assortment of web sites. Usually such web sites are included in the directory by the directory editors themselves or by the submission of webmaster.
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As a general directory, the art and entertainment portal is a collection of various websites indexed under different categories. The listings contain brief outline of the web site content. Some of the major advantages of listing the websites relating to art entertainment media in the online arts entertainment center are increased web traffic, high page rankings for website and easy location of the website by search engines and spiders. In short, the art and entertainment portal is a visual window to the external world.
Myself webmaster of www.arts-entertainment-world.info , a free arts entertainment guide, Art Directory, Entertainment Portal, Online Entertainment Directory, Entertainment information, Entertainment Guide, Online Music Directory offers art entertainment media and reviews on film music, films, contests, events etc.
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Ask our experts your Art related questions here…200 Characters left
Do you enjoy exploring the world of internet and find pleasure in collecting information on your area of interest? Well! You can check into various website directories that act as a great source to search quality information in minutes.
Maintaining a sound physic is essential for maintain a healthy life. In a similar way, our mind too needs fodder for refreshment. This very food for refreshing our mind varies from one individual to another depending on their varied taste and preferences.
While you organize a party and prepare for arranging some kind of entertainment for your peers, one should keep in mind the kind of audience you are aiming to entertain.
In the world of consumerism, where internet converted the whole world to a big marketplace with opportunities galore, almost every object has got a buyer today. Art pieces, likely too, have not limited to the studio of an artist today. Like all the objects saleable, an art piece too attracts its buyer
Traveling is an interesting way to explore a new place and know about its specialties. Many people like to travel to different parts of the world and cherish their traveling memories. Do you also like to travel? If your answer is yes, then reading travel guides would be a must thing for you to do.
Many people have expressed their minds to define creativity. Having creativity in a person is considered good and seen as an added advantage for a person. It can be better understood as a gift that provides a different way to get happiness and enjoyment.
Are you in-sync with the latest fashion information? Knowing about the latest fashion trends will help you portray yourself better. Different people have different fashion taste and they may not agree on fashion sense
History This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed
William Turner prints cover the career of famous British painter Turner who was talented within watercolours and oils. Turner was aprolific landscape artist at a time when portrait and religious painting was far more accepted. Artists like Constable and Turner were fundamental to the rise of landscape painting helping to lay the foundations for the impressionist movement which followed soon after.
The main positive factor about using an art gallery for buying artwork is that you get the facility of selecting from many different forms and types of paintings. The galleries also provide you the option to select painting based on the price range you are looking at thereby making it very convenient for most users.
you are one of those who like oil paintings and want to purchase some such paintings for your personal use then you can purchase them from many of the new online form of art galleries which sell them.
We realised that a good third of artists (convenient sample group of 50 Asian artists) were not in it get noticed. Their art is for themselves, it’s a journal, it’s their research and thinking put on canvas. It makes them happy. They have no interest in showing or selling it.
Ideas for Artistic creations. Here’s our collection of several terrific arts and crafts ideas which can help you spend your time much more usefuly. This unique article contains a few useful and simple and easy arts and crafts ideas for kids and for older people. Art forms and also crafts demand lots of imagination and desire in innovation. They’ve been designed for many persons for entertainment and fun. If you realize that you’re excellent in one type of art, then y…
Photo enhancement is a process where digital retouching is used to correct various flaws or errors, usually taken place by a photographer. This is used to make a photographs look better.
Reproductions of oil painting are the last call of the day! If you are very pleased to add a new touch of Midas to your home? If your confirmation answer is surely please your aesthetic masterpiece reproductions of the painting.
You will find different types of business right now you could venture yourself into. One of them is opening your own tattoo store. These types of customers are something that you will not see often since there’s not that much tattoo stores and stalls around. But the thing is that they are growing every day. This is why opening one now could be a great idea, so you can establish credibility and increase popularity as you move the competition is still not that big.
Cruising renders a wonderful and once in a lifetime experience and is thus revered as one of the best options for vacationing by people of all age groups. Children and teens are enthusiastic about getting on board the ship with beautiful blue waters all around while
Cruising can be the best way to enjoy your vacations. The Holland cruises will draw your attention instantly if you are discussing your priorities over cruises with a travel guide or are looking online for the best cruise deals.
Medical insurance authorization is now easily obtainable, thanks to the various online authorization providers. Obtaining cardiology, DME, nuclear medicine, neurology, and radiology authorization in US is made more of a cake walk by these service providers.
The popularity of Kopi Luwak coffee is soaring day by day. The coffee, owing to its heavy caramel body, rich texture, mild bitterness, and most of all mellow sweet aftertaste, has become one of the most sought after and most expensive coffees in the world.
Lets get this straight at the very outset. A cruise vacation is one of the safest vacations that you will ever take. This is largely owing to the presence of excellent onboard facilities on most luxury cruise liners.
If you love your horse, it is good enough reason to mind its comfort and enjoyment, as much as you care for your own. Buying horse equipment like corrective pads and other horse accessories
A horse riders performance and riding comfort largely depend on his/her love for the sport, a willing horse, and perfectly fitting accessories. However, horses have a very sensitive back.
There are people who spend a fortune on going away on a cruise vacation, and there are some others who get to enjoy all the thrills and excitement of a luxury cruise without breaking the bank.
Myself webmaster of www.arts-entertainment-world.info , a free arts entertainment guide, Art Directory, Entertainment Portal, Online Entertainment Directory, Entertainment information, Entertainment Guide, Online Music Directory offers art entertainment media and reviews on film music, films, contests, events etc.
www.KhabarBollywood.com Fashion movie by Madhur Bhandarkar attacks the fashion industry and the dark secrets behind it. Fashion industry truth is revealed in the movie which stars Priyanka Chopra, Mugdha Godse, Kangna Ranaut, Arbaaz Khan, Harsh Chhaya, Madhur Bhandarkar, Karan Johar, Manish Malhotra, Neil Nitin Mukesh and Arjan Bajwa. The movie is based on the events and realities of the fashion industry. Madhur Bhandarkar is known for making movies on real life issues and he promises he would project all the real facts behind the glamorous fashion industry. Arbaaz Khan, Priyanka Chopra, Kangna Ranaut & Kitu Gidwani Director Madhur Bhandarkar Music Director: Salim Merchant Madhur Bhandarkar`s film Fashion stars Mugdha Godse, Priyanka Chopra, Kangna Ranaut, Arbaaz Khan, Manish Malhotra and Neil Nitin Mukesh. Ace director Karan Johar plays himself in Fashion and has already shot for the movie as one of the front row spectators in a ramp show featuring Kangana Ranaut and Priyanka Chopra. Manish Malhotra too will be making an appearance as himself. The film highlights their rise and fall and difficulties in the life of top models, Madhur says that Fashion doesn’t mean huge stages, beautiful models in designer outfits, designers and big shows. In fact, it’s a blend of fiction and real-life characters. The movie has released today and is a very good movie too. Must watch movie for sure. Video Rating: 4 / 5
Now various kinds of wii games are present in the market which is defined by the title of the game, publisher, japanese, european, and north american releasing dates. Consumers should know that wii video game console are intending towards video games too much in the market. Consumers should know that the concept of wii games fit, challenging the strategy of video games contains movement with exercise. Also these wii games don’t contain the releases of nintendo’s virtual console and wiiware in the market of many countries.
today wii games are quite interesting and adventourous which is popular among users especially of young generation. Also these wii games like many other games such as pc games and online games contains important features such as wii fitvideogame, wii balance and 4 aa batteries, wii remote for playing, fit credits unlocking extra exercises. The wii games have activities in four categories such as strength training, aerobics, yoga and balance games . In the wii games users will find game of yoga exericises such as deep breathing, half moon, dance, cobra , bridge, spinal twist, warrior, tree, sun salutation, standing knee, palm tree, chair, and triangle. It has balanced types of games such as soccer heading, ski,slalom, ski jump, table tilt, balance bubble, lotus focus, and snowboard slalom.
Now these wii games delivering new set of tricks, tracks and races methods providing entertaiment more pleasureable. Today the wii games of the wii wheel converting wii remote in a steering wheel delivering a great experience among users. The wii games also provides wii romote and nunchuk controller supporting a specific control style in veterans for racing games series in the market. The consumers of wii games will experience various speed boosting tricks like jumps, flips and wheelies . Wii games allow three persons at time or at least 11 persons to play nintendo wfc games daily. Consumers should visit online shops to know more about wii games industry to have unique wii games for purchasing from the market.
Also these wii games like many other games such as pc games and online games contains important features such as wii fitvideogame, wii balance and 4 aa batteries, wii remote for playing, fit credits unlocking extra exercises. The wii games have activities in four categories such as strength training, aerobics, yoga and balance games . In the wii games users will find game of yoga exericises such as deep breathing, half moon, dance, cobra , bridge, spinal twist, warrior, tree, sun salutation, standing knee, palm tree, chair, and triangle. It has balanced types of games such as soccer heading, ski,slalom, ski jump, table tilt, balance bubble, lotus focus, and snowboard slalom.Today the wii games of the wii wheel converting wii remote in a steering wheel delivering a great experience among users. The wii games also provides wii romote and nunchuk controller supporting a specific control style in veterans for racing games series in the market. The consumers of wii games will experience various speed boosting tricks like jumps, flips and wheelies . Wii games allow three persons at time or at least 11 persons to play nintendo wfc games daily. Consumers should visit online shops to know more about wii games industry to have unique wii games for purchasing from the market.
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Four-player action on all games Get together with friends and family to see who can rank #1 in all 11games, whether it’s one player at a time, or simultaneously with 4 player split-screen mode.
Tournaments If the party gets too big set up tournaments for up to sixteen players. Individual profiles Players can now create a profile to track their progress and skill level as they play.
Create your own characters Utilize the new Create-a-Player system to design unique characters to fit your individual style.
Discover extended content Earn tickets that enable players to unlock new game modes a variety of playing surfaces and equipment as well as unlock additional create-a-player assets.
Game Party 2 is the ultimate Wii party game for players of all ages and skill levels. Game Party 2 features new games like Bean Bag Toss and Horseshoes, as well as classics like Shuffleboard and Hoop Shoot. Every game has exciting new features like four player mode, customizable characters and tournament play, making Game Party 2 the family favorite party game.
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Be the Next Boston-area Information Technology Student Success Story
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Be the Next Boston-area Information Technology Student Success Story
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In just six months, Iâve obtained five IT Certifications!
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Without the training and guidance I received at New Horizons, I can confidently say that I would not have been able to achieve this goal.
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New Horizons Computer Learning Center of Boston exceeded my expectations and I found the training to be phenomenal. Chris, my Education consultant, provided me with a wealth of information and great guidance before I even enrolled in the program.Â
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My instructor had over 25 years of experience, and not only guided us through the materials, but also provided us with relevant, real-world examples and great study techniques for the IT Certification exams.
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Sean, 2008 Desktop Support Technician Graduate
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Microsoft Certified Desktop Support Technician (MCDST)
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In as little as five months, New Horizonâs Desktop Support Technician Program provides students with the credentials needed to enter the IT world and begin a new career!
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Students earn their CompTIA A and Network Certifications and become a Microsoft Certified Professional (MCP) by earning a Microsoft Certified Desktop Support Technician (MCDST) Certificate. Students learn to utilize excellent customer service skills to educate users, and solve hardware or software operation and application problems on desktop clients based on the Microsoft Windows desktop operating system.
New Horizons Computer Learning Centers of Boston provides learning solutions that help organizations achieve business results, such as increasing productivity and efficiencies, driving revenue, and reducing costs. New Horizons provides customer-focused training choices in multiple formats and delivery methods, offering organizations and individuals top-quality training that can be tailored to meet individual learning styles and specific needs.
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Using books as your research tools when finding information about nutrition is probably like looking for somebody in a stadium during a football championship match. A broad topic like nutrition would probably require you to carry bulky books that weigh like your six-year-old brother. Well, internet hasn’t really discarded the use of books. In fact, books are as reliable as any other source of information. However, finding the information in the fastest and most convenient way has been the internet’s major goal.
Nutrition websites can provide us with all the facts about nutrition and other related topics without the hassles. Numerous nutrition websites can satisfy your curiosity regarding weight loss programs, healthy eating, health risks, and other nutrition-related issues.
Most of these nutrition websites offer links to other sites in order to answer any nutrition topic. Some nutrition websites are even search engine optimized so you can research deeper into your topic and be linked to other helpful sources as well.
Visiting www.the-health-directory.net will take you to a comprehensive health, fitness and nutrition site. This website works like a telephone directory. Different categories are listed and it also contains a search engine for faster researching.
www.jhsph.edu contains links to health and nutrition websites along with links to professional societies and nutrition-related conferences.
A lot of nutrition websites can be found online. Some even let you have access to journals and other studies made on different aspects of nutrition.
WebMD is only one of the many frequently visited nutrition websites of health buffs. You can access their thorough discussions on health issues by clicking on www.webmd dot com. Aside from having a search engine, webmd contains current news alerts as well. You can also sign up for their webmd newsletters which are categorized according to one’s topic of interest. This site also features the top 12 health topics and some health professionals’ and experts’ advices on popular subjects.
Nutritional websites should be very reliable sources of information. Thus, you will find your visit to www.nhlbi.nih.gov to be well worth your time. This website is a joint project of the different health organizations like the Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, and National Heat, Lung, and Blood Institute. All these “forces” worked together to furnish us sound advices and trustworthy medical facts.
Nutrition websites are good aids in our goal to prevent having the risks of diseases. However, online research and self-medication should not be made to replace a personal encounter with a health care professional like a doctor in order to solve our health problems. Nutrition websites should just be our guide in order to maintain a healthy and sound body.
Natural Health Remedies to Help Stress Pain and Weightloss
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